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Protests in 1950's South Africa (Defiance Campaign (Broke laws: (Using…
Protests in 1950's South Africa
Defiance Campaign
following the 6th of April (Jan Riebeeck's arrival), Black's boycott the celebrations and instead held rallies at East London, Pretoria and Johnnesberg
June 26 1952- 'A Day of Volunteers'
ANC initiated- focused on 6 laws (Pass, SRoV Act, GAA, SCA and BEA
Broke laws:
Using white only entrances
refusing to carry passes
Refused to pay fines
wanted to fill jails until unmanageable
ANC gained increased support (7,000-10,000)
Didn't change laws
moved ANC away from conservative approach
Brought different groups together (white liberals)
Community Protests (1959)
African National Congress broken into 'Pan African Congress' wanted a government for Africans
Main ANC leaders arrested after freedom charter
Local community organised:
Stopped sending children to school (BEA)
Refused to move to Soweto township (Sophiatown)
Bus boycotts in urban areas (Port Elizabeth + Pretoria)
Begun SA Congress of Trade Unions- against discrimination in workplace
In countryside- people resented the 'betterment schemes- police who collected taxes and implemented policies were murdered
Pondoland E Cape- 5000 rebels put down by army
People angry with non racial Freedom charter- not Africanist. which is why PAC broken away from ANC (Robert Sobulkwe)
Freedom Charter
Issued when opposition groups came together (Trade Unions) in a Congress Alliance and the Congress of People
Non-racial SA- communist S such as nationalisation
Eventually adapting by new state in 1994- without communist element (radicals said not economics or social enough
Treason Trials- 156 leader hanged
Women're resistance
Federation if South African Women (March 1956 , Pretoria
Wrote letters to the government
Cato Manor Durban- violent actions when a women prevented from home brewing