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Changing Political + Economic Landscape 1918 - 79 (Conservative Success…
Changing Political + Economic Landscape 1918 - 79
Fall of Liberals 1918-1926
DLG
The Maurice Debate 1918
DLG accused by General of lying about no. of troops on Western Front
Cemented disparity between DLG and Asquith
Asquith used this to attack DLG but failed to oust him
Coupon Election
Relied on Conservative support
Letter to CMPs to find who agreed with coalition
Devised by DLG and Andrew Bonar Law
Favoured by Conservative because they won the last election 1900. Needed DLG's 'war prestige'
Favoured by DLG because he had very limited support compared to Asquith
Tories eventually reject coalition due to corruption in 1922
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Corruption
Chanak Incident
(Warmongering against Turkey)
Cash for Honours
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DLG amasses lots of money from CFH
Uses it to get his supporters top jobs in Liberal party
Asquith steps down 1926
DLG finally shares money 1926
Too late; Labour had replaced them
First Past the Post
Favoured 2 party contest
Labour and Tories now 2 main parties
Destroyed Liberals
The Party Split
Asquith and DLG split
Asquith supporters saw DLG as traitor as he supported illiberal action
DLG ousted Asquith
Party failed to reunite before 1918 election
Traditional Liberalism VS New Liberalism
WWI
Illiberal Measures
Rationing
Conscription
Economic intervention
Conservative Success 1918 onwards
Disraeli's rebranding: One-Nation party
Promoted: National defence and patriotism (WC liked these)
Used by Stanley Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin
Played the ordinary man despite his inheritance from Steel company. This worked
Pioneered use of radio to talk to nation
Wanted employer - employee harmony
Helped destroy Liberals by withdrawing their remaining supporters through protectionism and removing free trade
Oxford and Cambridge plural vote system
Loophole in system which favoured Tories
Irish Independence
Liberals lost support of 80 Irish MPs
Conservatives retained support of 10 NI Mps
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The Rise of Labour 1918 onwards
Representation of the peoples act 1918
Women get vote - 43% of electorate
All men allowed to vote including industrial WC - 80% of electorate
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1924 Ramsay MacDonald becomes prime minister
Proved a minority government could succeed
1929 becomes prime minister again
Of largest parliamentary party
War
United split Labour MPs
Increased trade union membership
Trade unions funded Labour, helped them form a local political machine
Asquith foolishly backs Labour party
To prove they will need Liberal support
Mistake to do this as MacDonald was competant
National Government 1931 - 1945
Why?
Ramsay Macdonald was without a party (ousted by Labour for making cuts) and was persuaded to form national government by King George V
To respond to the national emergency caused by Wall street crash
Government instability would have exacerbated Britain's issues
Highly favoured by Public
Baldwin's actions in the National Government
Took over from Macdonald after his resignation in 1935
Appeased fascist Italy by giving them two thirds of Abyssinia which angered Britain
Abandoned Italy plan and worked with League of Nations
Under attack from sides who wanted rearmament and disarmament (Nazi Germany conundrum)
1935 Baldwin says he'll rearm if League of Nations tells him to
What?
National government: A coalition government, especially one subordinating party differences to the national interest in a time of crisis
Consensus Government