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Routs of administration (Enteral: (Oral (Advantages: …
Routs of administration
Enteral:
Oral
Advantages: most convenient, economical, & self use possible.
Disadvantages:
- Drugs reach liver via portal vein, then to systemic circulation.
- Some drugs are extensively metabolized in liver and little reach to systemic circulation ( First pass effect)
- Some drugs (insulin) destroyed by acid in stomach or GI enzymes
- Not suitable when patient vomits or is unconscious
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Topical: Drug is applied to the skin or mucous membrane at various sites( rectal, eye, ear, nose, vagina , urethra) for local action.
Advantages: Effective for local action, may be used for systemic action. Avoids systemic side effects.
Disadvantages: Excessive application & absorption can cause systemic side effects (eg steroids cause Cushing’s syndrome)
INHALATION ROUTE (via breath to lungs): Special form of topical use. Gases, volatile liquids & fine powders are given via bronchial tree.
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