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Gentrification Synopsis (Is Gentrification All Bad? ("Can you create…

- - - - State handled land assembly, tax incentives, and property condemnation, convinced politicians and patrician families to move into such neighborhoods.
  - - - Appearing business-friendly was important to maintain credit rating, and thus the attraction and retention of the middle-class was important, as they generate tax revenue.
- - - - These neighborhoods are usually dominated by super-blocks that typify public housing estates and thus lack the type of housing typically exploited by gentrifiers. The scale of deprivation and the accompanying problems of crime and disinvestment also discourage private investors.
  - - - White gentrifiers displacing black incumbents.
      - Dynamics of black gentrification are distinctive. The phenomenon is "conditioned by larger patterns of racial segregation and exclusion, and the constrained mobility of the Black middle class."
        
        Black gentrifiers typically invest in communities with high concentrations of public housing and poverty.
        
        Potential of wealth generation is limited by public policy decisions that concentrate subsidized housing in minority neighborhoods.
        
        Members of black middle class argue for "fair share" approach to public housing, and thus support the demolition of public housing
        as a necessary step in creating livable communities.
        
        Displacees see themselves as same members of the same community that the Black middle class is trying to invest in, and so Black gentrification is seen no better than White gentrification.
      - Current campaign to demolish public housing mostly affects low-income Black families, as public housing is disproportionately occupied by AA and is disproportionately located in minority communities.
        
        (LOOK AT CHART IN ARTICLE PG. 4)
- - - - Such factors include: economic globalization, the growing challenge to American global economic dominance, the ability of large corporations to shift capital from one area to another with growing ease, declining corporate profits, antiunion management, the avoidance of taxation and welfare responsibilities, shifting power relations between capital and labor, and policies of the federal government.
      - Effects of deindustrialization: factory closure, urban fiscal crisis, unemployment, poverty, economic despair, and social decay.
  - - - Ideal location: water power, near major cities, proximity to raw materials & far enough from major cities to avoid high taxes.
      - 1st half of 19th century: Growth & prosperity, Paterson dominated Silk industry.
      - 2nd half of 19th century: Decline & depression. Development of artificial silk (rayon) & failure to keep up with textile development led to decline in Paterson.
        
        "The 1929 depression marked the final demise of the silk and locomotive industries and led to a high rate of unemployment."
        
        Shift of industry out of the Northeast and to the South greatly affected Paterson.
        
        Transition from manufacturing jobs to service jobs.
        
        Decentralization of economic activities.
        
        Resulted in a high rate of unemployment, poverty, and urban decay.
    - - Reasons for population stability: Preferable location for immigrants, proximity to NYC offers accessibility and relatively easy commute for residents, more affordable housing than what NYC may offer.
        
        Racial composition of Paterson changed; Paterson went from largely white to largely non-White.
  - - - "All businesses that qualify for UEZ program participation are eligible to receive incentives that reduce costs of operating in the zones. "
- - - - 1 in every 4 South Bronx children has asthma, and South Bronx asthma hospitalization rate is 7 times higher than the national average.
- - - - As such, these residents are willing to invest in their communities with the intent of creating a “economically and politically powerful black neighborhood.”