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What is a learning approach? (Behaviorism led to the development of (is…
What is a learning approach?
Behaviorism
led to the development of
is represented by
Environmental Cues
studied by
Watson
Environmental Variables and Behavior
Response
learned through
Association
Environmental Stimuli
Behavioral Evidence
studied by
Tolman
Purposeful Behaviorism
Thorndike
Law of Effect
focuses on
Behavior Change
through
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Stimulus/Response
studied by
Hull
Stimulus and Response Theory
Schedule of Reinforcement
studied by
Premack
led to
types of reinforcement
Positive
Negative
Punishment
Extinction
Timeout
Instructional Strategies
Chaining
Shaping
Fading
Consequences
Primary Reinforcers
Conditioned Reinforcers
Language/Verbal Behavior
studied by
Skinner
Black Box Theory
consisting of
Respondent Behavior
Operant Behavior
is centered on
Teacher Instruction
through
Objectives
Clinical Applications
Self-pacing
Proctors
Technology
Contingencies
Personalized System of Instruction
Token economy
Automated teaching machine
Supplementary instruction techniques
Constructivism
led to the development of
is a theory of
Knowledge development
represented by
Knowledge Structure
is
constructed
to make sense
of experiences
infinitely in juxtaposition
Rhizome
supporting
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Metacognition
is
self-awareness
of
the knowledge construction process
Ownership
encourages
own learning
pursuit of learning goals
created by
Piaget
focused on
schema accommodation
mentored
Papert
rooted in
Dewey
Goodman
Gibson
Ecological perspective
Vygotsky
Bruner
Piaget
Not a theory of Learning/Teaching
instructors use
Microworlds
Problem-based learning
Mindful reflection
Collaborative learning
Self-regulation
Hypermedia
Cognitive Flexibility
Open-ended learning environments
Retention, understanding, and use
Role playing
Critical thinking
Debates
Reasoning
Constructionism
is represented by :
Knowledge Construction
through
Appropriation
using
physical objects
LOGO
programming language
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Microworlds
Legos
Construction kits
"Objects to think with"
turn into
artifacts of social relevance
Connectedness
between
Personal dimensions
Social dimensions
Nature of knowledge
Strengthening Connections
New Knowledge
Old Knowledge
created by
Papert
#
studied
learning cultures
Community centers
Microworlds
#
Cognitivism
is represented by
Attention
guided by
Self-regulation
Memory
#
studied by
Sweller
Cognitive Load
similar to
Logical Memory
studied by
Vygotsky
studied
Categorical Perception
Dialogue
Conceptual Thinking
Zone of Development
Motivation
studied by
Tolman
#
initiated
Cognitive Movement
Processing
studied by
Piaget
studied
Equilibration
studied by
Spiro
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Schema
re(organized) through
Information Processing
Reconstruction
Assimilation
Accommodation
Dialogue
studied by
#
influences
Semantics
Anchors
studied by
Branford
Anchored Instruction
Palincsar
Information processing
Interactions
is centered on
Student Instruction
through
Reciprocal Teaching
Dilemmas
Discovery
Reflection
Coaching
Scaffolding
Modeling
Problem-based
Cognitive Apprenticeship
Articulation
Exploration
Sociocultural
is represented by
Environment
studied by
Bronfenbrenner
Ecological system
consisted of
concentric circles
made up of
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Whiting & Whiting
Psychocultural Model
making up
Physical Environment
Terrain
Climate
Flora
Fauna
History
Maintenance Systems
Learning Environment
Culture
studied by
Vygotsky
connected
Cultural traditions
Individual's thinking
relied on
reliance on cultural inventions
cognitive skills
Activity
studied by
Lane
focused on
authenticity
learning and everyday activities
involving
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Concept
studied by
Collins
Cognitive Apprenticeship
focuses on
situated nature of knowledge
through
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Schoenfeld
focused on
problem-solving
sense-making
instructors use
Reasoning with
Law
Casual models
Casual stories
Act on situations
Symbols
Conceptual Situations
Resolution to emergent problems
Socially constructed understanding
Resolution to emergent dilemmas
Production of negotiable meaning
Fixed meaning
Immutable concepts
Negotiable meaning