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Metals (Characteristics (Non-Adhesive, Cold and smooth, Hard, Often shiny)…

- - - - Corrodes easily
      - Melts at very high temperatures
      - Is difficult to machine
      - Used for electrical and electronic components
    - - Alloys
        
        Silicon
        
        Makes the alloy magnetic and improves elasticity
        
        Manganese
        
        Makes the alloy harder and heat-resistant. It's used to make stainless steel
        
        Nickel
        
        Improves strength and prevents corrosion
        
        Tungsten
        
        Makes the steel harder, more heat-resistant and prevents corrosion
        
        Chrome
        
        Makes the alloy harder and tougher and more rustproof
        
        Lead
        
        Makes it easier to cut steel with machine tools
      - Steelmaking process
        
        1º The iron mineral is washed
        
        2º It is crushed and sieved
        
        3º The iron mineral is mixed with carbon and limestone
        
        4º It is smelted in a blast furnace
        
        5º Pig iron is obtained
    - - Used for machinery parts, pistons, street lamps, drain covers, etc
- - - - Silvery white
      - Highly resistant to corrosion
      - Processed from bauxite
      - Very soft
      - Low density
      - High malleability and ductility
      - Good at conducting electricity and heat
      - Used for high voltage power lines, planes, cars, bicycles, light metalwork, roofing, decoration, kitchen tools and drinks cans
    - - Extracted from several minerals
      - Shiny, silvery white
      - Very light, soft and malleable, but not very ductile
      - Reacts very strongly with oxygen
      - Very light alloys can be achieved by combining it with other metals
      - Used for pyrotechnics, for aerospace and car industries and for bicycles
    - - Extracted from rutile and iImenite
      - Silvery white, shiny
      - Light
      - Very hard and strong
      - Used in aerospace industry, building structures and medical protheses
  - - - Source: Cuprite, chalcopyrite and malachite
      - Corrodes or oxidises very easily
    - - Source: Sphalerite and hemimorphite
      - Bluish grey
      - Shiny
      - Weak at low temperatures
      - Not very hard
    - - Source: Cassiterite
      - Shiny white
      - Very soft
      - Does not oxidise at room temperature
    - - Source: Galena
      - Silver grey
      - Soft and malleable
      - Is very toxic when lead fumes are inhaled
    - - Source: Alloy of copper and tin
      - Resistant to wear and corrosion
    - - Source: Alloy of copper and zinc
      - Very resistant to corrosion
- - - - Extrusion
      - Forging
        
        Industrial
        
        Manual
      - Press forging
      - Punching
      - Bending
      - Wire drawing
      - Rolling
    - - 1º The metal is ground into powder
      - 2º It 's pressed into steel dies
      - 3º It's heated to a temperature close to 70% of the metal's melting point.
      - 4º Pressure's applied to produce the required dimensions
      - 5º The object's left to cool
      - Sand casting
      - Die casting
      - Wax casting
      - Centrifugal casting
    - - 1º The metal is heated to melting point
      - 2º The liquid metal is poured into the mould
      - 3º The mould and metal are left to cool until the metal has solidified
      - 4º The solidified piece is extracted from the mould
  - - - Scribers and centre punches
      - Odd-Ieg callipers and compasses
    - - Power tools
        
        Circular saw
        
        Angle grinder
      - Metal cutters or shears
      - Guillotine
      - Punch press and die
      - Hacksaw
    - - Awl
      - Drill
    - - Chisel
      - Lathe
    - - Power tools
        
        Sander
        
        Grinder
      - File
      - Scraper
    - - Rivet
      - Press fit joint
      - Adhesives
      - Welding and soldering
        
        Oxyacetylene welding
        
        Soft solder
        
        Hard solder
    - - Nuts and bolts
      - Screws
      - Threaded stay bolts
      - Keyed joints
      - Splined shafts
      - Sliding joints
    - - Removmg surface imperfection
      - Polishing
      - Protecting metals from water and corrosion
      - Techniques
        
        Grinding
        
        Lapping
        
        Polishing
        
        Buffing
        
        Coatings