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Astrocyte (types (Velate astrocytes (cerebellum, form a sheath surrounding…
Astrocyte
types
Fibrous astrocytes (white matter)
radial glia (bipolar)
stem cells
semi-radial glia (Bergmann glia)
Velate astrocytes
cerebellum
form a sheath surrounding granule neurones
each velate astrocyte enwraps a single granule neurone
Interlaminar astrocytes
Perivascular and marginal astrocytes
function
metabolic support
Blood–brain barrier
Regulation of ion concentration in the extracellular space
control extracellular K+ homeostasis
(resting level of about 3 mM to a maximum of 10 - 12 mM )
remove excess glutamate (by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT))
Five types of EAATs are present in the human brain; the EAAT1 and EAAT2 are expressed almost exclusively in astrocytes (the rodent analogues are known as glutamate/aspartate transporter, GLAST, and glutamate transporter-1, GLT-1).
supply glutamine to maintain glutamatergic neurotransmission