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hematuria: investigations (excluded by urine dipstick (menstrual bleeding,…
hematuria: investigations
renal
neoplastic
primary, secondary
inflammatory
glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, TB
traumatic
stones
congenital
polycystic kidney
pre
systemic
anticoagulant, sickle cell disease, hemophilia
vascular
right heart failure, renal artery, renal vein
metabolic
hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria
post
ureter
stones
neoplastic
bladder
stones
neoplastic
prostate
bleeding BPH
urethra
stones
neoplastic
inflammatory
acute urethritis
iatrogenic
urine catheterization, cystscopy, TURP
microscopic hematuria (fresh midstream urine)
≥3 RBC per high-powered field
gross hematuria
blood clots, bloody/brown
excluded by urine dipstick
menstrual bleeding
food (beetroot, blackberry, Rhubarb)
drugs (rifampicin, phenazopyridine, deferoxamine)
hemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria
imagining
KUB, ultrasound
CT/intravenous urogram
cystoscopy
history
PE
peripheral: vitals stable, pallor
per rectal examination
abdomen
scrotum
external genitalia
blood
CBC
RFT
clotting profile
urine
urine dipstick
UFEME, urine phase contrast
culture, cytology