State of the art

Grenzen des Behaviorismus

https://de.pinterest.com/pin/AffgQ9z2YSKWPIib7g5QjgwdiSFNzUBK-uRXdpHanBJObc7vxGDDTGU/

http://aitopics.org/misc/brief-history

http://www.livescience.com/47544-history-of-a-i-artificial-intelligence-infographic.html

"The history of AI has had cycles of success, misplaced optimism, and resulting cutbacks in enthusiasm and funding." - RN

"There have also been cycles of introducing new creative approaches and systematically refining the best ones." - RN

"AI has advanced more rapidly in the past decade because of greater use of the scientific method in experimenting with and comparing approaches." - RN

"Recent progress in understanding the theoretical basis for intelligence has gone hand in hand with improvements in the capabilities of real systems." - RN

"The subfields of AI have become more integrated, and AI has found common ground with other disciplines." - RN

"McCulloch and Pitts suggested that suitably defined networks could learn." - RN

"Donald Hebb demonstrated a simple updating rule for modifying the connection strengths between neurons. His rule, now called Hebbian learning, remains an influential model to this day." - RN

"Two undergraduate students at Harvard, Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds, built the first neural network computer." - RN

Alan Turing's Papar: Computing Machinery and Intelligence - Turing Test

See Dartmouth Conferences

"The years after the Dartmouth conference were an era of discovery, of sprinting across new ground. The programs that were developed during this time were, to most people, simply "astonishing": computers were solving algebra word problems, proving theorems in geometry and learning to speak English." - Wiki

"Researchers expressed an intense optimism in private and in print, predicting that a fully intelligent machine would be built in less than 20 years." - Wiki

"In the 70s, AI was subject to critiques and financial setbacks. AI researchers had failed to appreciate the difficulty of the problems they faced." - Wiki

"At the same time, the field of connectionism (or neural nets) was shut down almost completely for 10 years by Marvin Minsky's devastating criticism of perceptrons." - Wiki

"The first successful commercial expert system, R1, began operation at the Digital Equipment Corporation (McDermott, 1982)." - RN

"In 1981, the Japanese announced the “Fifth Generation” project, a 10-year plan to build intelligent computers running Prolog." - RN

"Overall, the AI industry boomed from a few million dollars in 1980 to billions of dollars in 1988..." - RN

Second Winter

AI-Reloaded

AI-Reloaded

Alles, was intelligentes Handeln hervorbringt, ist notwendig ein PSS und jedes hinreichend mächtige PSS bringt intelligentes Handeln hervor.

"Thinking is based on the use of symbolic descriptions and description-manipulating processes to represent a variety of kinds of knowledge..." - Minsky & Papert

Fokus auf Wissen, Schließen und Problemlösen in begrenzten, exakt formalisierbaren Domänen

Fokus auf Handeln und Lernen von „intelligenten Agenten“ in realen Umgebungen

Wie wird berechnet? Welche Eingaben führen zu welchen Ausgaben/Effekten?