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Beethoven, Piano Sonata Op.13 No.8 in C minor 'Pathetique'…

- - - - As well as sforzandos and subito fortes
- - - - Exposition
        
        Development
        
        Recapitulation
        
        Recapitulation = basically, a repeat of the exposition, but in a different key
        
        More fluid, less rigid structure, no firm 1st subject bridge 2nd subject codetta
        
        This is because Beethoven takes different musical ideas from the exposition, and develops them as much as he can.
        
        Lots of different keys used and lots of very complex chromatic harmony. Generally more complex than the exposition or recapitulation
        
        Exposition =
        
        1st subject
        
        Bridge
        
        2nd Subject
        
        Codetta
        
        1 more item...
        
        Bar 51 - 121
        
        Bar 35 - 51
        
        Bar 11 - 35
        
        Bar 11 - 133
- - - - Like at bar 149 right through until bar 167
  - - - They're not necessary to the melody, they merely add decoration and complexity to it
- - - - It differs to the modern piano in the sense that it has a smaller pitch range, a smaller dynamic range, and it had a more tin like sound
- - - - Used to make the harmony seem uncertain - adds to the 'Pathetique' feel
  - - - In bar 4, a perfect cadence with a dominant 7th chord of E flat major halfway through the bar. By beat 1 of bar 5 it is in the tonic of E flat major
        
        Throughout bar 10, Beethoven uses a Ic - V - I cadence to modulate back to C minor
        
        The first subject of the exposition (bar 11) is in C minor. The tonic
        
        Beethoven uses a feminine cadence in bars 49-50 to make the harmony more graceful, and also to make the listener think that the music will modulate to E flat major.
        
        In reality he modulates to E flat minor which is unexpected, and keeps the mood of the music dark and mysterious
        
        The start of the 2nd subject is in E flat minor, but by bar 67 it is in D flat major
        
        1 more item...
        
        The second subject has a lot of transient passings, or quick modulations through unrelated keys
    - - Exposition
        
        1st Subject
        
        C minor
        
        Bridge
        
        C minor
        
        2nd Subject
        
        Eb Minor
        
        Codetta
        
        C minor
      - Development
        
        Start of Section
        
        G minor
        
        Middle of section
        
        E minor
        
        End of Section
        
        C minor
      - Recapitulation
        
        1st Subject
        
        C minor
        
        Bridge
        
        F minor
        
        2nd Subject
        
        F minor
        
        Coda
        
        C minor