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Policing Protest in the U.S. 1960-1995 (SEADOC (Confrontation Management,…
Policing Protest in the U.S. 1960-1995
Protest Permit System
Permit Application Form Requirements
Identify themselves and the group or organization
Time, Date, and Place of proposed demonstration
Activities planned to constitute the demonstration
Purpose of the Demonstration
Number of people expected to participate
2 Styles of Protest Policing
Escalated Force Approach
Negotiated Management Tactics
Public Forum and Protest Law
Public Forum Law
Traditional Public Forums
Commons
Public Streets
Parks
Sidewalks
Limited Public Forums
Airports
University Meeting Spaces
Municipal Theaters
Nonpublic Forum
Governmental property that is not a public forum by tradition of design such as a post office or jail
National Commissions to Investigate Riots 1967-1970
The Kerner Commission
Few Communities had adequate numbers of police officers to deal with major crowd control problems
Recommended that Public Officials establish mechanisms to review and eliminate abrasive policing practices
Criticized use of deadly force and recommended using only minimal force necessary to effectively control the situation
The Eisenhower Commission
Group Protest is common but protest violence is rare
Protest is protected under the first amendment and must be protected by the President, Attorney General, the Federal Court Systems
Excessive use of force is unwise and normally makes things worse
Respect for protest and willingness to negotiate often avoids the necessity for policing and use of force
The Scranton Commission
Conclusions and Recommendations complemented the other two Commissions
5 Dimensions of Protest Policing
First Amendment Rights
Tolerance for Community Disruption
Communication
Extent and Manner of Arrests
Extent and Manner of Using Force
Escalated Force Approach and Dimensions
First Amendment Rights
Either Ignored or Disregarded as a mere "cover" for Demonstrators
Communication
Minimal Communication Between Police and Demonstrators
Extent and Manner of Using Force
Use of Force is Standard way of dealing with Demonstrators
Extent and Manner of Arrests
Arrests are Forceful, Frequent, and sometimes occurr when no law is even broken
Tolerance for Community Disruption
Only Familiar forms of Political Protest were Tolerated
Negotiated Management Tactics and Dimensions
First Amendment Rights
Protection of First Amendment Rights is the Primary Goal of the Police
Extent and Manner of Using Force
Minimum Necessary Force is used to carry out duties
Communication
Communication with Demonstrators is Necessary to Protect Rights and keep disruption to an acceptable level
Extent and Manner of Arrests
Arrest used only as a Last Resort for those who violate the law
Tolerance for Community Disruption
An Acceptable Level of Disruption is an inevitable by-product of Demonstrator Efforts to produce Social Change
SEADOC
Confrontation Management
Stress Inter-Agency Planning and Coordination
Emphasis on Civil Disorder Management Concepts and Principles
Restore Law and Order using Minimal Force Required
When firing shoot to wound not kill
Not Authorized to use firearms unless offense is likely to cause death or serious bodily harm
Components of Public Order Management Systems
Civilian and/or military police organizations
The public order policies of these organiaztions
Organizations programs for recruiting and training personnel
Practices of the policing personnel
Technology and equipment used while carrying out these practices