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Constructivism (Rise of Constructivism (OG Boys (Giambattista Vico…
Constructivism
Rise of Constructivism
End of Cold War
Power went from easily defined to very fluid
Neorealism said people would push back against US power
Didnt Happern
They say its gonna happen
Neorealist uncertainty
Liberalism focused only on pushing liberal ideas
International Society Approach already has aspects of Constructivism
Rise of Social Sciences
Sociology
Structuration
Anthony Giddens
analyzing relationships between structures and actors
Structures: Rules and conditions that guide social action
Structures constrain actors
actors can transform structures by thinking about them and acting on them in new ways
OG Boys
Giambattista Vico
Historical world made by man
Not already set, made by men
Natural World Made by God
Immanuel Kant
We can obtain knowledge about world
Always be subjective knowledge in the sense that it is filtered through human consciousness
IR Theoies
Systemic
Culture of Anarchy
Wendt
Rejects that anarchy leads to self-help behavior
depends on interaction between states
structure has no existence or causal powers apart from process
If the US & USSR decide that they are no longer enemies, the cold war is over
interaction between states creates identities and interests
Actors find out role in structure by participating in it
3 types of Anarchy
Hobbesian
yo fuck man its chaos in these streets nah we all fighting
Lockean
yo man Imma be in my area you gonna be in yours
Kantian
yo man you my boy we gonna love each other and if someone messes up this order we gon fuck em up
Systemic analysis
Norms of international society
Finnemore
International organizations tell states whats cool
IOs are power actors
Bureaucracies that promise to deliver goals that others want
Against other frameworks
Realism: Geostragetic
Liberalism: Economic
Realism & Liberalism assumes what interests are
Constructivism asks what those interests are
Ends to which they will get
Power used
Humans are white christians -> humans are humans
Domestic Formation
Katzenstien
Culture shapes decisions
Looking inside the state
How state's own history shape behavior on world stage
When do norms matter
Norms: Collective understanding of proper behavior of actors
Legro
Introduction
How human awareness or consciousness and its place in world affairs
international system is not stated; it just a social idea
Anarchy is what states make of it
Critiques
States so ruthless that disregards norms for security
Doesn't explain change
Construcvist response: bitch it aint the same damn thing over and over
Social Theory
Relationsjip between structures and actors
Materialist View: Neorealists & Liberals
Power and interests
Anarchy sttes are compelled to be preoccupied with power and interests
Ideational View
Intersubjective beliefs widely shared among people
main focus of realism