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UNIT 8 PROSPERITY AND DEPRESSION (OTHER TERMS (PALMER RAIDS (radicals were…
UNIT 8 PROSPERITY AND DEPRESSION
HARDING (1921-1923)
COOLIDGE (1923-1929)
HOOVER (1929-1933)
FDR
(1933-1945)
Bonus Army: Veterans who protested for bonuses that the government didn't give to them; hoover sent troops
fireside chats:
informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people and explained the American banking system
Brains Trust
small group of reform-minded intellectuals that aided FDR
American Liberty League
Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as "economic royalists" in the campaign of 1936
Keynesian economics
Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.
Indian Reorganization Act
1934, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act or informally, the Indian New Deal, was a U.S. federal legislation which secured certain rights to Native Americans, including Natives. These include a reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of common holdings of American Indians and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis. The Act also restored to Native Americans the management of their assets (being mainly land) and included provisions intended to create a sound economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations.
Reconstruction Finance corporation:
RUGGED INDIVIDUALISM: the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook who promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so independence and self-reliance
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
Raised tariffs to an unprecedented level and worsened the depression by raising prices and discouraging foreign trade.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)
This agency became a government lending bank. It was designed to provide indirect relief by assisting insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, and railroads.
Sacco & Vanzetti: Two anarchist who weren't given a fair trial after being accused of murder and were put to death
Promised to return to Normalcy; how things were before the war
TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL: symbol of government corruption; government oil reserves were secretly leased to oil companies in exchange for financial compensation
McNary-Haugen Bill
Farm proposal of the 1920s, passed by Congress but vetoed by president Coolidge, that provided for the federal government to buy farm surpluses and sell them abroad
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota, which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1910.
Immigration Act of 1924
which cut the quota down to 2% and the origins base was shifted to that of 1890, when few southeastern Europeans lived in America.
OTHER TERMS
PALMER RAIDS
radicals were arrested, captured by Attorney General: Palmer
SCOPES MONKEY TRIAL
Teacher teached evolution as opposed to fundamentalists beliefs (believed in bible); Scopes was found guilty
LOST GENERATION
Critiqued all the people not worried about the men lost during WWI; Writers included Hemingway and Fitsgerald
FRANCIS PERKINS
First women in the cabinet; appointed by FDR
BOLSHEVIKS
HUEY LONG
"Share the Wealth"; where the wealthy would give 100% of their taxes to give to the poor
KKK
Opposed blacks, Catholics, Jews, and foreign
MARY MCLEOD
Black woman appointed by FDR to head national youth administration; resulted in many blacks deserting Rep party for democratic FDR
MARCUS GARVEY/ UNIA
universal negro improvement association
Association founded by Marcus Gravey in 1914 to foster African American economic independence and establish an independent black homeland in Africa.
OKIES
Moved towards California because of the Dust Bowl
Twenty first Amendment
repealed the 18th amendment because it turned milllions of americans who wernt normally lawbreakers into law breakers
John Steinbeck
author of "The Grapes of Wrath". (1939) A story of Dust bowl victims who travel to California to look for a better life. His work was sympathetic, correctly emotional and angry
Volstead act
This law established a Prohibition Bureau within the Treasury Department. It was under-budgeted and largely ineffective, especially in strongly anti-prohibition states
Eleanor Roosevelt
First lady who pushed FDR to get civil rights
Hawley- Smoot Tariff
Congress would raise tariffs after the GD but it hurt the economy more
MCNARY HAUGEN BILL
Would buy crops from farmers and give them to the needy
Langston Hughes:
Poet in Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance: a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s when New York City's Harlem became an intellectual and cultural capital for African Americans; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American.
Townsend: Criticized FDR for not helping the elderly enoguh
Coughlin: Criticized the jewish bankers for causing the GD
Al Smith: Didn't want the government to interfere with the economy
Schenck v. United States
Justice Holmes' claim that Congress could restrict speech if the words "are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create and clear and present danger" when Schenck was convicted for mailing pamphlets urging potential army inductees to resist conscription
20th Amendment
Shortened "lame duck" period following election day in November: inaugurations for President, Vice President, Senators, and Representatives will now be in January instead of March. (1933)
Zora Neale Hurston
Black writer who wanted to save African American folklore. She traveled all across the South collecting folk tales, songs & prayers of Black southerners. Her book was called Mules and Men.
Sinclair Lewis
A heavy-drinking journalist who wrote Main Street and Babbitt, belittled small-town America
was the chief chronicler of Midwestern life. He was a master of satire.