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Nature 'v' Nurture (Biological Approach (Brain Structure…
Nature 'v' Nurture
Interactionist Approach
Gottesman (1963)
Genetic Potential
genotype
Reaction range
Environment
Determines Potential
Phenotype
High Genetic Potential (No School)
Same IQ
Low Genetic Potential (School)
Diathesis Stress Model
Genetic Predispositions
High Diathesis = Vulnerable
Environment Matters e.g. Stress
Diathesis- Stress Model
Psychopathology
Interaction of Nature and nurture
Genetic Vulnerability online expressed enviromental triggers
Tienari et al (2004)
Finish adoptees: more likely to develop schiz: relationship with schiz and family history
Environment override
PKU
Genetic Metabolic Disorder
Cut Protein
Condition Stabilises
Epigenetics
Change to genetic code: interaction with enviroment
e.g smoking, diet and pollution
Need To Know
Adopted by approaches
Interaction
Applied
Studied
Psychodynamic explanation
Gender development
Phallic stage =
oedipus and elektra complex
Freud
Nomothetic features
Same progress of development for everyone
Psychosexual stages & Gender development
Differences not considered
Idiographic features
Case Studies
Patient focused
Differences considered
Biological Approach
Genes
Twin Studies/Family Studies
Hormones
Brain Structure
Neurotransmitters
Localisation
Damage
Deterministic
No free will
Environment not considered
Gender Development
Chromosomes
Hormones: testosteron/ oestrogen
Reductionist
Computer Models
Simplifies functioning
Scientific
Quantitative Data
Physically studied
MRIs/PET scans/Blood samples etc
Objective
Nature- Nurture Studied
Twin Studies
Adoption studies
Seperation from biological parents + new environment
Schizophrenia: Tienara (1991)
Schizophrenia rates : biologically supported
Idiographic
Deterministic
Schizophrenic parent= child
Concordance rates: DZ vs MZ
Allen’s study on depression
Found CR of 40%(MZ) and 11%(DZ)
DZ twins & Siblings
Schizophrenia meta studies
Both share 50% genes
DZ twins= more similar environment
Show 17% DZ and 9% in siblings
Cognitive Psychology
schema
experiences
nurture
perception and memory
nurture
mental structure
nature
Humanism
Rogers and Maslow
personal growth
basic human motive
everyone is unique
fulfillment in life
central to their theory
individual's subjective experiences
free will
aka personal agency
not predetermined