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Task 3 Consciousness - Introspection (Introspection --> = thinking…

- - - - Consciousness
        --> made up of: elements + molecules
        
        Elements:
        --> sensory experience + simple feelings
        --> can be discovered through introspection
        
        Molecules:
        --> more complex ideas/ concepts
        --> consisting of more than 1 element
      - Criticism
        
        Objects are perceived as one concept instead of basic elements (gestalt psychology --> sum is more than its parts
        
        imageless thought / determining tendency
        
        people were not aware how they went from one thought or mental representation to the next
        
        --> thus thinking can occur without being aware of sensory experience
        
        unreliable, too much variation for same object
        
        he relied on highly trained subjects
        
        lead to no results or better understanding of how mind works etc
        
        behaviorism much more popular and could explain thigns
      - Stimulus error
        --> giving meaning to their Elements (sensory experience (stimulus) + simple feelings) and thus describing A molecule (complex meaning / molecule) rather than JUST the element / basic sensor experiences + simple feelings
        e.g. "i see a table" (stimulus error cause molecule / abstract concept) instead of just "I see a square form with square elongated protrudings"
        --> mentioning things like rectangle or legs is already higher cognition/ complex meaning / molecule
      - --> people would just consciously stream of thought say everything they thought about while trying to only talk about their ELEMENTS sensory experiences / and why they were feeling them
    - - is about reporting immediate experience
        --> BUT not as immediate as they first have to think about what they experienced
        --> criticism: thinking about ones own thoughts influences them or something lol
      - No analysis or interpretation of what caused conscious experience or why it was experienced (sets it apart from tichteners)
    - - Criticism:
        
        --> niesbett and wilson:
        ---> interpretive introspection = impossible becasue ppl cant make logical causal explanations of why stimulus caused a response :3 !!
        ----> thats because they rely on piori (prior) expetancies / believes of how cause and effeect works in a given situation, context and objects. (they made an experiemnt to show this :3 !!
- - - - degraded stimulation
        --> displaying stimulus too short to be reliably detected
        OR
        --> by displaying it together with lots of noise which also decreases chance of being detected
      - Masking
        --> quickly displaying stimulus then masking it with e.g. a picture
        --> makes first stimulus invisible cause performed so quick that processing is "stopped" lol not because implicitly they react to it so lool !!
      - Crowding
        --> stimulus indistinguishable from others when they are placed in close proximity
      - Binocular rivalry
        --> caused if theres noncorrespondiing images falling on non coresponding point on the retina
        --> in other words a different image is falling on non linked areas of the retina
        
        picture A and picture B
        Picture A is falling on left eye spot A but right eye spot B ( instead of a
        picture B is falling on left eye B but right eye A
        
        so each eye has info form 2 different images and that info is not the same that the thereye has / does not correspond to the image that is on the same spot in the different retina!
        e..g in above example #
        --> left eye spot A = picture A right eye Spot A = picture B
        --> left eye spot B = picture B right eye Spot B = picture A
        so two different pictures that are not the same on a specific spot in eachs eye retina
        
        ---> why dont we notice it a lot one image gets suppresed
        --> we dont pay attention to it :p
        
        which image will get supressed ?
        -->the one that at that time is less novel / foveated
  - - - 11% percent of neurons did fire when monkey indicated it perceived more effective upward or downward movement
        BUT
        11 % (just as much) of neurons some even though they were orientation tunes fired the strongest when their preffered stimulus was not perceived at all though
        --> other neurons seemed to have no prefered orientation
      - in beginning of visual regocnition V1&2 most neurons fire if their stimulus is present
        later stages of Visual pathway V4 and 5 90% of neurons (in ict) refelct the animals perception , not the presence of a stimulus!!!
      - neurons in V5 determine what monkey perceives!!
        ---> single cell stimulation of the orientation tuned neurons in V5 changes perception of moneky which indicates a movemetn change with button presses either up or down depending which orientatio n tuned cells are stimulated :3 !!