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Classes General (Abstraction (Abstract Data Types (This is the idea that…

- - - - Knowing only the simple characteristics of a car (gas pedal, brake, gears,ect) we are able to use the machine
  - - - All you need to know about a type is the value it holds and the operations it uses
        
        An example is the double type. We know it holds decimals that are positive or negative and that we can use *,/,+,-,... on it
        
        We don't really need to know how it was made or all its information to use it
    - - Generally refers to data types made by the programmer
- - - - In general
        member variables are made private
        member functions are made public
  - - - Helps with securing important data
    - - Allows controlled access to the important data from outside the class
- - - - We have something called mutators
        
        These are member functions that allow you to access the private variables
        
        To use any member function we must use the dot operator
        
        circle1.setRadius(1.5);
        this allows the user limited access to the private variable
    - - We still use the dot operator but now we can just directly access the member variable
        
        Let's say now the radius is a public variable
        
        To change it we can just access the variable itseld
        
        circle1.radius=15;
    - - Accessors
        
        Allows you to use a private member variable but not modify it
        
        double radius1=circle1.getRadius();
        the accessors job is usually to return what is stored in the private variable
      - Mutators
        
        Allows you to modify member variables
        
        circle1.setRadius(1.5);
        this allows us to modify the private variable radius
- - - - The computer has to track the address and return values and bounces back and forth between the function and the function call
    - - The compiler replaces the function call with the function definition
        
        This increases the size of your program on compile
        
        This means incline functions should be compact :checkered_flag:
        
        This can increase efficiency since there is less overhead when there's no function call
        
        If an incline function is too large the compiler actually ignores it
- - - - Member function that is called automatically when a class object is created
        
        Has no return type
        
        Mainly used to initialize member variables
        
        Can be set as an inline or as a regular function
        
        Overloading is allowed
        
        If it's a regular function don't forget the resolution operator
      - Default
        
        Constructor with no parameters
        
        If the programmer has no constructors a default constructor is made for them
        
        BUT if the programmer makes constructors the computer doesn't provide a default even if the constructors the programmer made doesn't include a default constructor
        
        Can only have one
  - - - Automatically called when an object is destroyed
        
        Only one destructor
        
        Takes no arguments
        
        Has no return type
- - - - This focuses on functions and variables as two separate entities
- - - - We have member functions
      - cout<<city.length<<endl;
        cout<<state.length<<endl;
- - - - Here we introduce the member functions and variables and their access level
        
        The member function prototypes are only put here. The definitions are after main
        
        While making the member functions definitions we need to use the scope resolution operator to tell the computer that this is for the class
        
        void Circle::setRadius(double r)
        { radius = r;
        }
        
        Pretty much the same as a regular function definition
        
        The only change is that attatched to the function name is className::
- - - - If we're allowed to change the radius we run into the issue that area won't change along with it