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Classification of Carbohydrates (According to the sugar Units (Yields more…
Classification of Carbohydrates
According to the physical characters
Sugars
-Sweet.
-Crystalline.
-Sol. In H2O
-Low Molecular weight.
Non-sugars
-Non Sweet.
-Amorphous.
-insol. In H2O
-High Molecular weight
According to the reducing properties
Reducing (having free C=O, FREE PROTON)
ex: Monosaccharides, certain Oligosaccharides
Non-reducing (having no free C=O, no free proton)
ex:polysaccharides
According to the sugar Units
Yields more than 10 sugar units when hydrolyzed
Polysaccharides
Homopolysaccharides
Polymers of a single
monosaccharide
ex:
Starch
Cellulose
Dextrins
Dextran
Inulin
Heteropolysaccharides
Derived Carbohydrates
Mucopolysaccharides
ex:
Heparin
Chitin
Polyuronides
ex:
Gums
Mucilages
Pectic substances
Polymers of dissimilar sugar units
OR
Sugar with other organic molecules
1 sugar unit
Monosaccharides
cannot be futher hydrolyzed
According to the number of carbon atoms
Tetra-oses (4 carbons) ex: Erythroses
Pent-oses (5 carbons) ex: Xylose, Arabinose, Apiose
Tri-oses (3 carbons) ex: glceraldehyde
Hexa-oses (6 carbons) ex: Glucose, Galactose, Mannose, Fructose
According to the Carbonyl group the have
Aldoses
Mannose
Galactose
Glucose
Ketoses
Fructose
Yields 2 to 10 sugar units upon hydrolysis
Oligosaccharides
According to number of
sugar units
it yields upon hydrolysis
Trisaccharides
ex: Raffinose
Tetrasaccharides
ex:Stachyose
Disaccharides
Reducing
ex: Lactose, Maltose
Non-reducing
ex: sucrose