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Steel (Iron Alloys (Composition (Cast Iron - 1.8 - 4% Carbon, Steel - 0.4 …
Steel
Iron Alloys
Composition
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Steel - 0.4 - 1.7% Carbon + 98-99.5% Iron + Manganese, Sulfur
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Wrought Iron
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ductile, too costly, cannot be welded
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Characteristics
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Steel Making
- Basic Oxygen Steelmaking - Insert lance into pig iron mix, which blows oxygen, reducing carbon content and creates molten steel
- The materials (iron, carbon, limestone) taken into furnace (at 1400C), the liquid that comes out is pig iron
- Electrical Arc Furnace - Converts scrap metal into molten steel
3. Secondary Steel Making - Refines chemistry of molten steel e.g. add manganese to improve weldability, hardness and strength
4. Casting - Water cooled plates and rollers reduce temperature of molten steel, slabs are cut using oxygen gun
Hot rolling - Slabs pass through rougher (to get initial shape), edger (to thin shape), finisher (to finish the shape) - UB
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Cold-forming - folding, corrugating and curling hot rolled sheets at room temperature (more economical)
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Steel systems
Composite Floors
steel (speed, efficient) + concrete (acoustics, fire)
corrugated sheets (area of tension) -> steel mesh (counteract concrete shrinking) -> concrete, shear connector of corrugated sheet to transfer shear forces to beam
Open web steel joists
no shrinking, wrapping or twisting under load
corrosion resistance, coastal uses
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Residential
done off-site, only assembly
stud is smaller than bottom track, to fit in
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secondary steel framing
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Girts: flush (connected to primary element), bypass (placed in front of element)
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Metal properties
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In elastic phase, has reversible deformation -> plastic phase, permanent deformation
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