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Italy (((WWII Germ, Ita, Jap. First move invade Nth Afr, def by Brit,…

- - - - Heart of Med, Sth EU- Bdrs Fra, Aus, Swit, Slove, San Mar & Vatic. Divide-4 Nth, Sth, Cent, Isles. Recon-Boot shape 'Lo Stivale' Majority- surround-seas, Adriat-E, Med-W, Lonian -Sth. Seas-Islands- 450+. Sicily=big/famous, Sardinia. From seas to Alps- Top -Ita, shares Alps- stretch AU, SW, Fr, Slov. Fam Dolomites Mt Range, Apennines. **Ski resorts, winter tourism. Alps connect Adriat - Riv Po. Long Riv 652km.
      - Mts Cool! Check out Volcanos! 14 in It, 4 active. Etna-Larg, Est coast Sicily. 10.9K Ft high, longest record-contin eruption. Turb hist- Eruption, earthquakes. Despite- Locals, Beaut Mt. Mongibello. One res, left home- last time, engulf lava, Set table- Vino - gift Mongibello. Vulcan- Haeph, God - Forge/Fire. Release Molten =Hard Subst. (Star Trek Inspo- Star Wars Shoot) Enceladus/Typhoeue - Bat Giants, Athena. Fam- Stromboli, Vulcano(Isl) Vesivius- only active mainland EU. Pompeii & Herculanum 79AD Buried city, thick ash. 2K Died, city abandoned. Explor disc- 1748- Pomp intact. Builds, artifacts, skeletons. Taught great deal.
      - Ital contains 2 extra countries, San Marino/ Vatican. Rep of SM locat Itl Pen, landlock. Cap -City SM, Larg city Dogana. Pop = 33K, small pop EU. Worlds old surv sovereign state, oldest repub since 301AD. Vatican- Own Country, centre of HRE, ruler much EU.
    - - Language
        
        Latin- Latium, Area Cent Ita. 1st Lang- Roms. Spok- Edu Ppl, Wst counts RomEmp. Italian derived Latin. Old-Classica, Vulgar(ordinary ppl) Roman Lang, Ital, Sp, Fr, Port. Now- Italian, regional dialects, slang. Divine Com- Dante Alighieri 1320. Journ Hell, Purg, Parad. Purest form Italian, study, recite.
        
        Roman Cath, Vatican =Heart. 90% Cath, 10% Prot, Jew, Mus. Core values, beliefs. Integral- Enjoyment Life, Family!
      - Way of Life, La Dolce Vita- Sweet Life, Good Life. Enjoy simple things, all -lifes pleasures. Relax pace, not take seriously. Movies- La Dolce Vita, Under Tuscan Sun. Similar to Spain, close shops midday, open arvo. Long lunch - Fam. Speaking of! Family=Everything. Eating, play cards, live, work, Eat more. 20-30 still home, Mum boys.
        
        Sometimes too much, Mafia- everything within Fam. Fam needs to approve all. Mafia =Sicily, Cosa Rostra (Our Thing) Crim synd, groups share struct/Code conduct. Fam- spread USA. Each Fam- right over town, vill, "prov Protect" ppl, even Cath Church, at price. Use Violence. Crimes- Murder, Human Traffic, Fraud, Rob, Launder, Drug by "Men of Honour". TV- Sopranos, God Fath, Scarface
        
        Divide. Nth call Sth Terrone(Farmer), Sth call Nth Polentone(Polenta), Nth feel Sth Lazy, Ignorant, always late. Sth think Nth Selfish, racist, don't greet their neighb. Reasons- Sth=African, Sth Economy worse than Nth. Stereotype- Sth friendly, easy going, Nth Bus focussed.
        
        StereoT-Italian men -Mummas Boys, Sleezy, hairy, stubborn possesive playboys or romantic charmers, passionate lovers? Itas vs Fre. You decide. Ppl- very loud, Hand talk, Football fans, late, public affect, wine, coffee! Big ST - most accurate= FOOD. :<3:
    - - Home: Coloss- Glads! Vatican-Small, Amalfi, Alps. 20 dif regions- own hist, dialect, food. No wonder- 4th most visited. 61 Mil, 25 x Aust. Know how to Live- passion, food, football, cars, love make. Serenade - Beau-lang, hand gest, Col-red. La vita e Bella- soak surround landscape
- - - - 1st on Pen -Estrucans 700BC-4thBC- Tusc-Ven. Imp Cities- Flor, Pisa, Siena- influ Rome. Had own writing.
      - Rom 1st Kings- Infrast/trads, Glads, Char Race, engineer, temple des. Decline- rise Rom/Gr/Celt. 800 yr Lifetime. 1st Superpower
      - Imp Lang- Rom, West Alphabet, Calendar, Christ, Concrete, Welfare, Books, Newspapers, Roads 50K mil-200AD, Irrigation, sewers, law- Justinian. Surgical tools, battlefield, caeserian.
      - How? Rom/Rem 753-twins, shewolf, MARS, Rom K Re-1st King. Kings - 509BC- Repub - Senat. Milit Exp, Cult Exp- Greeks. End- Polit/Social probs. Caesar- 45BC Dictator, Murdered-23- <1yr. Consul Marc Ant/Octavian East/West. 31BC Marc/Cleo (mar 36BC, appoint Cleo ruler Egy, Cyp, Crete- Senate outraged-traitor- defeat- suicide. Rom/Juil style
      - Age Emp- 29-27BC Oct "Augustus" Absolute Ruler- restore Polit institut- retained power. 200yrs peace/prosp- Pax Romanum. Social reforms, millit vics, art, Archit, Liter, Glad games. 54-68 Nero- kill Imp ppl, seize assets. drained treasury, Rome on fire - blames Christians, Pet/Paul killed. Went to Greece, declared enemy of Rome- downfall-suicide.
      - Hadrian 2nd- travel Emp, Wall sep Brits/Scots, renewed Panthenon, Angel Fort- Muso- buried. Marcus Aurelius- campaign against Germs, brought back Plague-died. Diocletian- declare God, Christs persec, built castle Split.
    - - Decline/Fall: 324 Constantine, Christianity, 330- West/East- Byzant. 467 Falls barbarians. Milit Fails, corrupt, tax, nat disast- Pompeii. Split -Kingdoms.
      - 4th Pope $ property, 5th Fall, influence inc- protection. Const attacks Lombards. P Leo prevent Attila Hun sack rome. Charlem 1st HRE 800-14.Power grew.
      - Renais: biggest move Cult- West EU, revival Art, Science, Lit, Philos. Fall Byzant, Trade Ven/Flor. Mid Ages =Religion #1, impose modesty, prayer, fasting. 15th new social class, rich from work. Ex: Medici- Rich Bank Fam, encore writers, science, artists to Flor - Duomo. Mid Ages- stigma soul.body sinful, ashamed. Ren promo beauty HumBod, Classical period, statues-Greek/Rom. Invent: Print Press- Guttenberg, spread ideas EU.
      - Science: Heresy - forbidden. Galilei- telescope, jailed, released renounce Kopernic. Lit: rewrite manuscripts, Dante Aligeri- Divine Comedy.
      - Nap Italy, 1796 - main reason force rulers Sardinia - abandon Isl and force Austs outta Ita (bat Rivoli). 1797- Treaty Campo Formio- Aust left Ven alone. Event encomp Nth/Cen Italy. - Became Kingdom under reign- King. Nap loved Cesar, rds improved, Prim/High School, ideals brotherhood, equality. Social/Econ prog. Nap decline. Broke into 8, Foreign rule.
- - - - Coffee- Pop, Fashion. Gucci, Prada, Armani, Versace, Valentino, Dolce, Fendi. Fare la Bella Figura- make good impre- Live by this. World Leader, Mil/Flo/Rom capitals. Mil=big 4. Vogue Italia. Made in Ita=excel, creativ/craftsman. Jak Ken-Valentino, Hat MJ-Borsalino, Maril-Red shoes-Ferragamo. High qual Textiles. Peak-Rein, Medicis.
      - Another Obess- Cars! Ferr, AlfaR, Fiat, Lambo, Mas. Fiat-Fam small. Buy most Indust. Alfa, Ferr, Maser. Ita largest. Also won EU car of yr most. Ferr- Schumach. Vespa- Wasp-sound. Reboot eco-WW2. Movies=Pop, 500K ppl ride Rome. Vespisti. 50-60s race, motorcycle. Ducati, Moto Guzi, Mulguti. Other Invent- Thermom 1612, . Battery 1800s Alessandro Volta.
      - Cars-Sport! "FORZA ITALIA". 1800s - Azzuri(blue) FIFAx 4. Juventus, Milan. Nat Teams win= street party, car horns, singing, dancing- fountains. Passionate lovers, football, motorsport. Ferrari!, Formula 1- 2 Grand Prix Ital PA. Motorcycles- Ducati, Valentino Rossi. Cycling , rugby, volleyball etc.
      - Chanting a lot - Hist of Sing. Birthplace Opera- Wed Henry XVI/Maria de Med. Tell story, latin, based Ancient Gre/Rom. 1637 1st pub opera house- Ven, social event wealthy. Classical Mus- Vivaldi 4 seas. Puccini, Pavarotti. Regions-own style. Accordion, Tarantella- folk dance- wedding, circle. Mandolin- Naples. Origins Guitar/Violin.
      - Art/Archit: 51 UNESCO, Greek influence, Arches, Aqueducts, colosseum, pantheon. Romanesque- 800-1100AD Archs, stain glass, columns. Gothic 12th- own style, Cath Milan. Birth place: Renais, 15th- Anc G/R. Brunelleschi- Duomo. Sistine- Michel. Late Baroque 16-18th spanish steps/trevi. Neoclas- 19th -Villas, Pals, Gards. Art- Flor- Humanism. Sculpt- realistic detail. David 1.5m. DaVi- Mona, Supper. Michel - David, sistine. Raf, Dont. Marble.
    - - Cooking-Sharing food= way of life. Surrounds perfection/respect good fresh produce. Cuis varies regions, time year. Nonna, cliche, Stomach burst. Food=Love. Do a lot themselves- Tom Sauce/Sugo, sausages, olives, cure meats, wine/Liqueur making. Done with Fam/Friends, shared amongst. Spec month, traditions. Passed down generations.
      - Menu- Antipasto, Primo-1st crse(pasta), Secondo(Meat), Desert. Slow pace, many hrs. Afters- Liq + Coffee. Pasta- 27kgs pp/pa, most world. Make scratch, passed down, varies diff regions. Pizza! - invent- Naples 1880s. Diff-US pizza, simple, fresh. Magarita-Queen 1889, Tri Colour-Flag. Tom, Moz, Bas. Most Pop- Marg, Caprichosa, Marinara, Napolitana, Prosciutto. Garlic Bread. Now salivating, sweeter things-
        Gelato! ="Frozen" air- US I-C, more flav. Nat ingred, few cals, less butter. Dates 16th Florence Chef- Cath de Medici.
        Deserts = Nutella. WW2 Pietro Ferrero, Cocoa shorts, paste- hazel, sug, tiny cocoa. 1946 Ferrero.
        Olive Oil - Tuscany, Lucca/Chianti most well known. Used a lot dish, raw=flav, text, freshness. Ext Virgin, highest qual. Sensitive -light, Dark green bots. Light destroy antiox. Used beauty prod- face. Sophia Lauren.
        Cheese- Parmesan, Parmigano. King of Ch. From Parma, - pasta. Ricotta, soft/fluffy, Cott Ch, Lasagne, Bread/Oil, Sweet-Cheesecake. Mozzarella- Dripping, stringy, pizza. Buffalo-milk. Provoloni, Pecorino, Gorgonzola, Marscapone.
    - - Huge part- Cult, Fam/Friends. Chianti- Tuscany, Dry Red, earthy, rustic, smell cherries, strawb, acidity pairs food. Strict rules- 7 subzones, 80% Sangiovese grapes. Some reg mix Merlot, Cab. Chianti Classico- more refined/high end, best vineyards in reg. Prosecco- Ita white W, Anc Rom, change 19th spark-Glera Grape. Bellini.
      - Love drink=Coffee. Basic-Invented, after Turkish. "Prendiamo Un Caffe!". Drug-East, intro Venice 1500s. Frowned -roots, effect. Ways: morn-milky Cap/Latte-nev aft midmorn. Macch- arvo pickup, Essp-anytime. Must say caffe latte=milk. Liquid Gold= Limoncello -Amalfi -Sorrento. Norstrano Lemon, Grappa, Sambu, Hair on chest- rival italians. Aperitif - Pros, Camapri, Aperol. Digestif-Lim, Frang.