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Properties of Functional Groups (Alcohol (Physical Properties (Soluble in…
Properties of Functional Groups
Alcohol
Physical Properties
Soluble in Water
The solubility decreases when the hrydrocarbon chain decreases
Boiling point depends on the chain's lenght
Chemical Properties
The alcohol burns easily
It has polarized bonds
Nitro
Chemical Properties
They are electrophilic
Physical Properties
Soluble in water
Positive charged
Colorless fluids
High boiling point
Diapole
Ether
Chemical Properties
C-O bonds take place with excess of hydrogen halides
When heating they are hydrolised to alcohols
They form peroxides when they are in contact with atmospheric oxygen
Physical Properties
Solubility decreases when the number of carbon atoms increases
Lower boiling points compared to alcohols
Colorless
The increase of hydrocarbons decreases the formation of H-bonds
Alkyl halide
Chemical Properties
Highly reactive
Highly electronegative
Physical Properties
Not very soluble in water
Soluble in organic compunds
Polar bonds
Gases at room temperature
Alkane
Chemical Properties
They are non-polar
Important reactions are combustion and halogenation
Single bonds
Physical Properties
Insoluble in water
Gases at room temperature
Soluble in organic compunds
Alkene
Chemical Properties
Important reactions such as halogenation and hydration
Valued for addition reactions
Carbon double bonds
Physical Properties
Colorless
Insoluble in water
The higher intermolecular mass, higher boiling point
Alkyne
Chemical Properties
Carbon triple bonds
Physical Properties
Gases at room temperature
Lower molecular weight
Slightly soluble in water
Amine
Chemical Properties
Electrophilic reagents
Physical Properties
Gaseous in nature
Fish -like odor
Insoluble in water
Thiol
Chemical Properties
Produce sulfur dioxide upon combustion
Reactions such as oxidation
Physical Properties
Odor similiar to that of skunks
Ketone/Aldehyde
Chemical Properties
Oxydation Reactions
Haloform Reaction
They reduce alcohols
Physical Properties
Soluble in water
The bigger the molecule, the higher the boiling point
Nitrile
Chemical Properties
Triple bonds
Hydrolisis
Physical Properties
Liquids at room temperature
Soluble in water
Amide
Chemical Properties
Carbon-oxygen double bond
Dehydration
Can be reduced by reacting with LiAlH4
Physical Properties
Liquid at room temperature
Soluble in water
Colorless
Acyl Hallide
Chemical Properties
Double bond with oxygen
Single bond with OH
Physical Properties
They do not dissolve in water
Boiling point range from -88.5°C to 78.37°C in some acyl hallides
Ester
Chemical Properties
Can be splitted into carboxylic acids using hydrolysed
Physical Properties
Boiling points similar to aldehydes and ketones
Small esters are soluble in water
Bigger esters are not soluble in water
Carboxylic Acids
Chemical Properties
Weak acids
React with metals and alcohols
Physical Properties
High boiling points
Strong odour