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Structure of a Membrane (cell junctions (tight junctions (prevent…

- - - - not embedded in the membrane
        
        have polar regions that interact with integral proteins or with polar heads of phospholipid molecules
  - - - have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
    - - cell recognition and adhesion
        
        homotypic cell recognition: same molecule sticks out of both cells and exposed part binds
        
        heterotypic binding: different molecules on different cells
        
        sperm and egg
- - - - form hydrogen bonds with water that prevents substances from moving into the hydrophobic interior of the membrane
  - - - ex.) ion channels
        
        gated channel that opens when a stimulus causes a change in 3D shape
        
        voltage gated ion channel
        
        opens/closes in response to a a change in voltage
    - - bind substances to pass through the membrane
      - creates a strong gradient