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How has the location of manufacturing industries in HK changed over time?
How has the location of manufacturing industries in HK changed over time?
Sector of industries
secondary
tertiary
primary
quaternary
the manufacturing system
processes
outputs
useful products
waste
inputs
physical
cultural
classifying manufacturing activities
by inputs of capital and labor
labor intensive
capital intensive
by level of technology and R&D
low-technology
high technology
by weight of raw materials and products
heavy
light
manufacturing firm
Marketing
account keeping
R&D
logistics
product desgin
different stages of industrial development in HK
in the 1950s
textiles
Light industries (cotton spinning)
Extended along both sides of Victoria Harbor
1960s-1970s
Extended for KwunTong to TsuenWan
ChaiWan to WesternDistrict
more diversified
mainly textiles
before 1950
entrepot coast of Hong Kong Island [North Point(E) to Sheung Wan(W)]
Heavy industries (shipbuilding)
Light Industries (furniture making)
How has the importance of manufacturing industries in HK change
1980s-early 2000s
relocation
Push factors of HK
Land
land availability
lack of flat land
hindered expansion
lowered production efficiency
land prices
higher land price
Government
strict environmental protection regulations
increased production costs
lowered profit
Labor
labor intensive
raised production cost
lowered profit
Pull factors of ZDR
Labor
low wages
Land
extensive flat land is available
lower land price
Government
loose regulations
gov provided basic facilities, infrastructure
favorable terms (like tax concessions) offered to foreign investors
since early 2000s
relocation
Push factors of ZDR
gov policies
tightened environmental protection regulations
adapted economic policy: low value added & polluting industries move away
trade relations
high tax being imposed
trade relations: more intense
labor
wages of workers rising rapidly
shortage of workers
others
power shortages: triggered blackouts
disturb production
Pull factor of the inland regions of China & other S/SE Asian countries
labor
wages are lower: more competitive
gov policies
environmental protection regulations: less strict
trade relaions
other S/SE Asian countries: less affected by overseas protectionist measures
since 1980s
GDP: decreased
HK manufacturing industries: declining
P&S industries working population: decreased
factory
production
logistics