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Polymers (nucleic acid (nucelotides (other roles in functions (GTP (energy…

- - - - bases held together by hydrogen bonds
    - - GTP
        
        energy source in protein synthesis
      - cAMP
        
        hormone actions
      - carrier in synthesis and breakdown of carbs/lipids
- - - - special cases
        
        cystein
        
        can react with another cysteine in an oxidation rxn to form a covalent bond (disulfide bridge)
        
        glyceine
        
        single "H" R group
        
        proline
        
        modified amino group that lacks a hydrogen and forms a covalent bond with a hydrogen side chain which creates a ring structure
    - - carboxyl of one and amino group of another react together through a condensation reaction to create a peptide linkage
        
        C=O has a slight negative
        
        N-H bond is slightly positive
  - - - alpha helices, beta pleated sheets
        
        stabilized by H bonds and disulfide bridges
        
        coiling results from N-H bonds of one amino acid and C=O bonds of another
    - - stabilized by covalent disulfide bridges and H bonds
- - - - binds with water
    - - water insoluble
    - - structural supporting material
        
        beta glycosidic linkages
    - - ex.) amino sugars are produced when an amino group is substituted for an -OH group
        
        extracellular matrix
- - - - insoluble in H2O
    - - triglycerides
        
        composed of fatty acids (made of a long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain and a polar carboxyl group) and glycerol
        
        synthesis
        
        dehydration reactions
        
        carboxyl group of a fatty acid bonds with a hydroxyl group of a glyverol = ester linkage + release of a water molecule
        
        saturated
        
        single bonds
        
        unsaturated
        
        double bond
        
        high melting temperature
      - phospholipids
        
        amphipathic
        
        types
        
        carotenoids: light absorbing pigments
        
        steroids
        
        vitamins
        
        waxes