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Eukaryotic cell structure (endomembrane system (rough ER (protein…
Eukaryotic cell structure
ribosomes
consists of rRNA and protein molecules
found in cytoplasm, ER, inside mitochondria, inside chloroplasts
nucleus
contains nucleolus
where ribosomes begin to be assembled from RNA and proteins
surrounded by nuclear envelope
contains chromatin that makes up chromosomes
DNA combined with proteins
endomembrane system
plasma membrane
nucelar envelope
rough ER
protein production; exports out of cell
with ribosomes...
golgi apparatus
protein modification and export
adds carbohydrates and modifies existing
lysosomes
protein destruction
digestive enzymes
phagocytosis
smooth ER
lipid production; detoxification
mitochondria
creates ATP
site of cellular respiration
plastids (chloroplasts; only plants)
thylakoid - pancake; granum - pancake stacks; stroma - fluid portion of the chloroplast
otros organelles
peroxisomes
accumulate toxic peroxides
glyoxysomes (only plants)
lipids converted to carbs
vacuoles (only plants, fungi, protists)
storage, structure w turgor pressure
digestion by hydrolization
cytoskeleton
shape
composed of
microtubules
driven by dynein and kinesin
kinesin walk the molecule down the microtubule
tracks for motor proteins
intermediate filaments
actin
10 nm
microfilaments
help move
help stabilize shape
involved in formation of pseudopodia (enable cells to move)
extracellular matrix
composed of
fibrous proteins
glycoproteins