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FUNCTIONALISM (EXTERNAL CRITIQUES (POSTMODERNIST CRITICISMS…
FUNCTIONALISM
EXTERNAL CRITIQUES
POSTMODERNIST CRITICISMS
POSTMODERNISTS ARGUE THAT FUNCTIONALISM IS AM EXAMPLE OF A META-NARRATIVE THAT ATTEMPTS TO CREATE A MODEL OF THE WORKING OF SOCIETY AS A WHOLE. HOWEVER, SUCH AN OVERALLT HEORY IS NO LONGER POSSIBLE BECAUSE TODAY'S SOCIETY IS INCREASINGLY FRAGEMENTED
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LOGIC CRITICISMS
FUNCTIONALISM IS UNSCIENTIFIC AS IT CANNOT BE FALSIFIED. EG: FUNCTIONALIST SEE DEVIANCE AS BOTH DYSFUNCTIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL - IF DEVIANCE IS BOTH, THEN THE THEORY CANNOT BE DISPROVED AND THUS IS UNSCIENTIFIC
DURKHEIM
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HE SAW THIS AS A CHANGE FROM A SIMPLE SOCIAL STRUCTURE TO ONE WITH A COMPLEX, SPECIALISED DIVISION OF LABOUR
TWO TYPES OF SOCIETY
TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
A STRONG COLLECTIVE CONSCIENCE BOUND THEM SO TIGHTLY TOGETHER THAT INDIVIDUALS IN THE MODERN SENSE DID NOT REALLY EXIST
BASED ON 'MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY' WITH LITTLE DIVISION OF LABOUR, WHERE ALL ITS MEMBERS WERE FAIRLY ALIKE
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C = FUNCTIONALISM UNDERSTATES THE EXTENT OF CONFLICT IN SOCIETY // MARXISTS ARGUE THAT SOCIETY IS NOT A HARMONIOUS WHOLE AND RATHER IT HAS TWO CLASSES WITH CONFLICTING INTERESTED AND UNEQUAL POWER
MERTON
UNIVERSAL FUNCTIONALSIM
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C = SOME THINGS MAY BE FUNCTIONAL FOR SOME GROUPS, WHILST BEING DYSFUNCTIONAL FOR OTHERS
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FUNCTIONAL UNITY
C = COMPLEX MODERN SOCIETIES HAVE MANY PARTS, SOME OF WHICH MAY ONLY BE DISTANTLY RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER. IT IS HARD TO SEE THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN (EG) THE STRUCTURE OF BANKING AND RULES OF NETBALL
PARSONS ASSUMES THAT ALL PARTS OF SOCIETY ARE TIGHTLY INTEGRATED INTO A SINGLE OR WHOLE 'UNITY' AND THAT EACH PART IS FUNCTIONAL FOR ALL THE REST
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