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Nature 'v' Nurture 13B :unamused: : :tada: (Nurture (Environment…
Nature 'v' Nurture 13B :unamused: : :tada:
Nurture
Social Learning Theory
Observation
Imitating
Cognition
Thoughts
Motivation
Empiricists
Tabula rasa
(Blank slate)
Environment
All
= behaviour
Through experiences
"Blank slates"
Bandura
Bobo doll
Vicarious reinforcement
Through observation
Imitating model
Similar characteristics
Nature
Inherited
Personality
Behavioural
Chromosomes
XX - female
XY- male
Twin studies
inheritability coefficiency
assess genetic basis
Descartes
Nativism
Innate (inborn)
Genetic Inheritance
History
Biologically determined
Diathesis-stress model
Biological vulnerability + trigger
Epigenetics
Change genetic activity
Dias & Ressler (2014)
Electric shocks + chemical
= Fear of smell
Children also feared smell
Evolutionary
Psychodynamic explanation
Gender development
Nature
Libido
Energy
Genitals
Psychic Tension
Gender Identity
Personality
Nurture
Anxiety
Identify
Same sex parent
Phallic stage
Interactionist approach
Can't separate
Psychodynamic
Phallic stage
Identification
Adoption studies
Tienara(1991)
Schizophrenia
Control group
10x higher
Twin studies
MZ and DZ
Concordance rates
Allen
MZ - 40% unipolar depression
DZ - 11% - unipolar depression
Siblings and DZ rates
share 50% genes
Siblings - 9%
DZ - 17%
Similar environment
Womb
Phenylketonuria Disorder (PKU)
Hereditary
Genotype
Nurture
Phenotype
Phenylalamine-free diet
Nature-Nurture Interaction
Diathesis Stress Model
Schizophrenia
Predisposition
Environmental experiences
Trigger
Stress
Epigenetics
Environmental interactions
Alters code
'Marks' DNA
Influences codes
Passed on
Inheritance
Definition
Behavioural
vs
Personal characteristics
Evaluation
Nurture
Strength
Behavioural shaping
Practical application
Therapy
Behaviours
Punished
Selectively reinforced
X separate environment
MZ twins
Not 100% concordance
Weaknesses
Oversimplistic
Other factors
Genetics
Free will
Nature
Strength
Weaknesses
Determinist
'anatomy is destiny'
Eugenics policies
Race, IQ controversy
Immigration
Refugees
Proof of 'feeble minded'
Link
Race
Genetics
Intelligence
Shared environments
Same family dynamic
Dunn & Plomin (1990
Genetics
Age/ tempermant
= Parental divorce
MZ twins
No perfect concordance rate
Genetics & environment
Not separated
Genotype + environment
Scarr & Kathleen (1983)
Three interactions
Passive interaction
Parents genes
influence treatment of child
Evocative interaction
Genes influence environment
e.g opportunities
Active interaction
Free will
Multilayered relationship
Between nature vs. nurture