In these chapters I think that Voltaire is making satire about optimism. "'Do you think,' said Candide, 'that men have always massacred each other, as they do today? Have they always been liars, cheats, traitors, brigands, weak, flighty, cowardly, envious, gluttonous, drunken, grasping, and vicious, bloody, backbiting, debauched, fanatical, hypocritical, and silly?'" p. 95 "It would have been better to stay in the Paradise of Eldorado instead of returning to this accursed Europe. How right you are, my dear Martin! Everything is illusion and calamity!" p. 112 It is clear that in these quotes that Candide is rivaling his belifes about optimism because he says that people have always been evil towards reach other but he believes in optimism.