Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

I do believe that dreaming has an effective purpose (Scientific Theories…

- - - - Some dream researchers believe nightmares serve a purpose and you should see them through- they do what they call creating fear extinction memories, which is the idea that your brain is constantly fearful in real life and creates memories of what to be afraid of. And during dreaming your reinventing but at the same time defanging the bad fearful memories.
        
        Makes sense because children have the most nightmares, and children are the ones who have the most wakeful fearfulness. So, while they dream, they are creating the psychological tools to deal with these fears. Also infants spend significantly more time in REM sleep for the same reason
        
        Evidence: About two thirds of dreams of healthy adults involve at least one threat, and also Between 40 to 50 percent of childrens dreams contain animal characters, often as enemies, as they haven't had time to adjust to the modern environment. They are still creating the tools to help cope with such monsters. The figure is just 5 percent in western adults.
      - REM sleep also can strengthen negative emotional memories, which might seem like a bad thing, but if you cant remember bad experiences you learn nothing from them. Also, reliving the upsetting memory in the absence of the hormonal rush that accomponied the actual even helps to strip the initial emotions you felt from the event, making it feel less raw, and eroding the emotional edge of the memory.
        
        Counterargument: Then why do we are there disorders like PTSD if dreams are suppose to strip away the terror of the event
        
        Well, these researchers who believe in this theory explain that PTSD is thought to be caused by a failure in this emotion stripping process, making it so that the memory is recalled in all the terrifying emotional detail, with crippling psychological results. This explanation makes a lot of sense to me
    - - Proved by the fact there is a correlation between waking fearfulness and having nightmares
    - - Evidence: A study by Rosalind Cartwright of Rush University shows that those who dreamed more about the event after going through divorces, trauma, etc. coped better, showing that dreams had help
  - - - Some evidence for this is the fact that no more than 20% of dream material is in any way related to what the dreamer recollects of events in his or her life history can indicate that dreaming could represent a set of pre created scripts or scenarios for the organization of our waking experience
      - When we daydream many of the same regions of the brain become inactive/active as during REM sleep, and like REM dreaming, daydreaming can improve our ability to extract meaning from information and to have creative insights.
    - - Some evidence for this is that REM sleep duration has been shown to augment when animals and humans learn a new task, and REM sleep deprivation interfere with learning these tasks
      - Think lucid dreaming
      - More evidence: Deidre Barret, psychologist at Harvard had an experiment where she had college students pick a homework problem to solve in a dream, not super hard problem, just something they hadn’t got around to solving. Students would focus on the problem each night before they went to bed. At the end of the week, half of the students had dreamed about the problem and a quarter of them solved the problem in their dream.
    - - think about a nap curing grumpiness.
      - It’s been found that a nap that includes REM dreaming mitigates a normal tendency in adults to become more sensitive to angry or fearful faces, while making them more receptive to happy faces
  - - - Evidence:
        Tetris phenomenon- sheds light on relationship between experiences before falling asleep and NREM dream content. A large group of subjects practiced the tertris game and it appeared in 60% of the subjects dreams during the next two nights. Consolidated the memories of it
    - - NREM dreaming might be more important for stabilizing and strengthening memories and REM dreaming reorganizes the way a memory is tired in a brain, allowing you to compare and integrate a new experience with older ones
- - - - Discovered in 1953
      - One stage- Dreaming is most associated with this stage of REM sleep
      - Excessive deprivation of REM sleep can lead to hallucinations, short term personality changes and paranoia, showing that REM sleep is essential
      - Restorative to mental health
      - Makes up 50% of sleep time in infants and only 20-25% of sleep time in adults
      - You dream 80-90% of REM sleep time
      - Regulated by pontine brainstem
      - REM sleep has been linked with improved abilities on video games and visual perception tasks, and extracting meaning from a mass of information
    - - Four stages
        
        Onset of sleep
        
        Longest stage of sleep, mental activity is mundane with wandering thoughts
        3 and 4. Stages of deep sleep
      - Restorative to body
      - Dreams during NREM
        
        Flashes of thoughts and images from every day waking life like what you ate for lunch or a movie you watched, these dreams are rarely remembered, only really remember them if you wake up during them
  - - - People usually have a nightmare once a month
      - More common in childhood, less common as you get older and older
        
        Starting at age 5, 25% of kids have nightmares once a week
- - - - I can refute this by saying many things important for our body aren't noticed or remembered, such as breathing, heartbeat, digestion, etc.
    - - Refuted by the fact that everybody does dream, it's just some people have a better ability to recall than others
  - - - Refuted by the fact that there isevidence