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I agree with the assertion that we can create a permanent, self-sustaining…

- - - - Each person will have 20 m3 of space for the entire duration.
      - they will be using pod like shelters
- - - - the need for suits
        
        “In addition, it is estimated that there is a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO²) in the form of dry ice at the Martian south pole, not to mention absorbed by in the planet’s regolith (soil). If the temperature of the planet were raised, this ice would sublimate into gas and increase atmospheric pressure. Although it would still not be breathable by humans, it would be sufficient enough to eliminate the need for pressure suits.”
        
        Other possibilities exist as well, ranging from orbital mirrors that would heat the surface to deliberately impacting the surface with comets. But regardless of the method, possibilities exist for transforming Mars’ environment that could make it more suitable for humans in the long run – many of which we are currently doing right here on Earth (with less positive results
        
        A possible way of doing this is by deliberately triggering a greenhouse effect on the planet. This could be done by importing ammonia ice from the atmospheres of other planets in our Solar System. Because ammonia (NH³) is mostly nitrogen by weight, it could also supply the buffer gas needed for a breathable atmosphere – much as it does here on Earth.
        
        Zubrin and Chris McKay, an astrobiologist with NASA’s Ames Research center, have also suggested creating facilities on the surface that could pump greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, thus triggering global warming (much as they do here on Earth).
        
        Similarly, it would be possible to trigger a greenhouse effect by importing hydrocarbons like methane – which is common in Titan’s atmosphere and on its surface. This methane could be vented into the atmosphere where it would act to compound the greenhouse effect.
        
        About 95% of the planet’s atmosphere is carbon dioxide, which means that in addition to producing breathable air for their habitats, settlers would also not be able to go outside without a pressure suit and bottled oxygen
      - “There is the matter of the average surface temperature, which is anything but hospitable. While temperatures around the equator at midday can reach a balmy 20 °C, at the Curiosity site – the Gale Crater, which is close to the equator – typical nighttime temperatures are as low as -70 °C.”
      - In order to colonize mars we would have to replace Martian ecosystems with our own. To raise temperatures, we'll want to crank up a greenhouse on Mars, possibly by reigniting the planet's dormant volcanoes or bombarding the planet with asteroids. Plus there's the little issue of preventing solar winds from ripping off our newly created atmosphere.
      - To maintain the icehouse, we need another geoengineering experiment to reverse the effects of the industrial revolution. Our first geoengineering experiment didn't turn out the way we'd planned. This same type of engineering problem awaits us on Mars. Only it's far more difficult than drawing down carbon out of the atmosphere, and it has just as many potential unintended consequences.
    - - NASA will build a special underground shelter to protect astronauts from radiation.
      - Thanks to measurements taken by the Mars Odyssey spacecraft’s Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE), scientists learned that radiation levels in orbit above Mars are 2.5 times higher than at the International Space Station. Levels on the surface would be lower, but would still be higher than human beings are accustomed to.
      - Mars also has no global magnetic field comparable to Earth’s geomagnetic field. Combined with a thin atmosphere, this means that a significant amount of ionizing radiation is able to reach the Martian surface.
      - DIGESTION
        Radiation in space tends to damage microorganisms in the stomach that aid digestion. Eating a lot of fruits and veggies can help.
    - - With no weight to support, bones lose calcium and grow frail In space. Resistance exercises and taking vitamin D supplements help keep bones strong.
      - MUSCLES AND THE HEART
        Without gravity, astronauts lose muscle mass. Running on a treadmill helps keep muscles, including the heart, strong. Crews work out for two hours a day -- with bungee cords tethering them to gym equipment.
  - - - Mars One has support and backing of several well-known and respected ambassadors
        
        Paul Römer, inventor of Big Brother: “This mission to Mars can be the biggest media event in the world. Reality meets talent show with no ending and the whole world watching. Now there’s a good pitch!”
        
        Gerard Blaauw, Chairman of the Netherlands Space Society: “Mars One’s visionary idea to combine media and aerospace in such an innovative way means it is possible! True breakthroughs come from interweaving divergent domains, and that is what is happening here!”
        
        Professor Dr. Gerard ‘t Hooft, 1999 Nobel Prize winner of Physics: “This project seems to me to be the only way to fulfill dreams of mankind’s expansion into space. It sounds like an amazingly fascinating experiment. Let’s get started!”
      - how they are going to fund
        
        he proposed Mars One budget includes a large safety margin to take into account significant mission failures as well as smaller but costly failures of components on Mars
        
        about 66% of the cost is associated with launch and landing
        
        Lansdorp says “if you talk to the media industry, they all agree that if you can really do this, then the financing should be no problem. If you talk to the people in the technical area, they will say, ‘we can make this, technically it isn’t a problem
        
        Lansdorp says “if you talk to the media industry, they all agree that if you can really do this, then the financing should be no problem. If you talk to the people in the technical area, they will say, ‘we can make this, technically it isn’t a problem.’
        
        financed with the help of media participation.
        
        Mars One plans to receive small sponsorships and investments which will pay for conceptual designs from suppliers so as to take the technical feasibility one step further.
        
        Since Mars One’s launch in 2011, about US$ 1 million has been raised, mainly through donations, sales of merchandise, private investments, astronaut applications, sponsorships & partnerships, and speaking engagements.
  - - - Mars One would like to work with NASA and other organizations to get their expertise
- - - - Another proposed solution is building habitats underground. By building a series of tunnels that connect between subterranean habitats, settlers could forgo the need for oxygen tanks and pressure suits when they are away from home. Additionally, it would provide protection against radiation exposure. Based on data obtained by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, it is also speculated that habitable environments exist underground, making it an even more attractive option.”
      - while driving over sediments and rocks last summer, the rover measured a huge rise in methane. That could be of geophysical origin or produced by microbes below ground.
    - - Who are they?
        
        One of the most prominent of the new space entrepreneurs is Bas Lansdorp, the co-founder and CEO of Mars One, the Dutch nonprofit. He is a media magnet because of his outrageous plan: start sending humans to Mars in 2025. On a one-way trip. Financed by selling the media rights as a kind of interplanetary reality show.
        
        Mars One is a nonprofit organization based in the Netherlands that has proposed to land the first humans on Mars and establish a permanent human colony there by 2027. The private spaceflight project is led by Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp, who announced the Mars One project in May 2012.
    - - SpaceX is testing reusable rockets as a cost-effective way to power humans to Mars. Elon Musk, wants to send thousands of people to Mars to live there forever. He sees the planet as a backup home for the human race if Earth one day becomes unlivable due to disease or an asteroid strike
      - Founder Musk
  - - - Oxygen
      - Mars also has an axial tilt that is very similar to Earth’s, which means it has the same basic seasonal patterns as our planet.
        
        When one hemisphere is pointed towards the Sun, it experiences summer while the other experiences winter – complete with warmer temperatures and longer days. This too would work well when it comes to growing seasons and would provide colonists with a comforting sense of familiarity and a way of measuring out the year. Much like farmers here on Earth, native Martians would experience a “growing season”, a “harvest”, and would be able to hold annual festivities to mark the changing of the seasons
      - They formed around the same time, about 4.6 billion years ago
      - available building material
      - A Martian day is 24 hours and 39 minutes
      - Prospects for generating food
      - Much like Earth, Mars exists within our Sun’s habitable zone though it is slightly towards its outer edge
      - “Mars, 3.8 billion years ago, was a happening place. It was in an orbit where it was cold at the mountaintops, with snowy peaks, and river deltas running into large lakes. Mars was habitable at the same time life began on Earth. All the right ingredients were there. As life took hold here, did the same thing happen on Mars? And, if so, have any of those microbes survived today?” grunsfeldpresents the first step toward such a grand journey.
    - - A mission to Mars would help us learn more about Earth. Colonizing a planet could be crucial if Earth were ever to become uninhabitable following a global disaster.
      - Understanding the changes the planet has undergone could help us prevent adverse changes from happening on Earth.
      - Crusan explains. "Mars is going to teach us a lot of things that we won't even expect," he says
      - other side's view: We still don't understand how to control our own planet's environment, let alone one on a world we've only been exploring for a few decades.
    - - on April 8th, 2014, Earth and Mars were 92.4 million km (57.4 million miles) apart at opposition. On May 22nd, 2016, they will be 75.3 million km (46.8 million miles) apart, and by July 27th of 2018, a meager 57.6 million km (35.8 million miles) will separate our two worlds. During these windows, getting to Mars would be a matter of months rather than years.
  - - - Their schedule/ plans
        
        In 2017, the first teams of candidates are expected to be selected and start training. They will train together until the launch in 2031. The group's ability to deal with prolonged periods of time while sequestered in a remote location will be the most important part of their training. Thus, they will learn how to to repair components of the habitat and rover, train in medical procedures, and learn to grow food in the habitat
        
        In 2022, A demonstration mission to Mars will be launched to provide proof of concept for some of the technologies that are crucial for Mars One’s human mission to Mars. Beyond launch and landing on Mars, the mission will prove several important technologies for Mars One’s human mission. The lander payload will include:A camera to enable a video stream from Mars to Earth.
        A water extraction experiment to confirm that water can be extracted from the Martian soil, one of the most critically important aspects of human life on Mars.
        A thin film solar panel experiment testing multiple brands and types of thin film solar panels for their suitability in providing enough renewable energy to maintain and grow the settlement.
        A payload selected from the entries of universities worldwide.
        
        In April 2013, the Astronaut Selection Program (ASP) was launched at press conferences in New York and Shanghai. The selection program required an online application and proceeded with video applications and personal interviews. The subsequent selection rounds will consist of group challenges and simulations. At program's end, six teams of four individuals will have bene chosen for training. New ASPs will begin every year to replenish the training pool regularly. In addition, during this time an analogue of the Mars habitat is to be constructed on Earth for technology testing and training purposes.
        
        more than 200,000 people from around the world have signed up for a chance to go.
        
        In 2024, A communications satellite will be launched to Mars where it will be placed into stationary Mars orbit. This satellite will enable communications between Earth and Mars and relay images, videos, and other data from the Mars surface on a 24/7 basis, except when the sun is between the two planets.
        
        In 2011, Bas Lansdorp and Arno Wielders laid the foundation to begin the Mars One mission plan. The first step included holding discussion meetings with potential aerospace component suppliers in the United States, Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The mission architecture, budgets, and timelines were then solidified after receiving feedback from the supplier engineers and business developers. This resulted in a baseline design for an achievable mission of permanent human settlement on Mars with existing technology
        
        In 2026, a rover and a trailer will be launched to Mars. The rover will use the trailer to transport the landing modules to the outpost location. It will drive around the region to find the best location for the settlement and will prepare that area for arrival of the cargo missions. A second communications satellite will be launched into orbit around the Sun. The two communications satellites together will enable 24/7 communication with Mars, even when the Sun is between the two planets.
        
        In 2029, Six cargo missions will be launched to Mars, containing a second rover, two living units, two life support units, and a supply unit. The six cargo units will land up to 10 km away from the outpost on Mars, using a rover signal as a beacon
        
        In 2030, The rover will pick up all cargo units using a trailer, starting with the first life support unit. The rover will place it in the correct location, and deploy the thin-film solar panels to power the the life support unit. The rover will then be able to connect to the life support unit to recharge its batteries much faster than using only its own panels, allowing it to work more effectively. The rover will pick up all other cargo units and deploy the thin-film solar panel of the second life support unit and the inflatable sections of both living units.The life support unit will be connected to the living units by a hose that can transport water, air, and electricity. Once these are connected, the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) will be activated. The rover will feed Martian soil into the ECLSS and the water will be extracted from this soil by evaporating its subsurface ice particles in an oven. The evaporated water is condensed back to its liquid state and stored, and part of the water is used for producing oxygen. The nitrogen and argon filtered from the Martian atmosphere will make up the other components of the breathable air inside the habitat.
        
        In 2031, after receiving the green light on the status of all systems on Mars, the Mars Transit Vehicle (MTV) will be prepared for the journey to Mars. First, a transit habitat and a Mars lander with an assembly crew aboard will be launched into Earth orbit. The assembly crew will dock the Mars lander to the transit habitat. About thirty days later, two propellant stages and the boosters that will "kick" the transit vehicle from low Earth orbit to Mars transfer orbit, will be launched and connected. Once that has been successfully completed, the first fully trained Mars crew will be launched into the same Earth orbit to switch places with the assembly crew, which will descend back to Earth. After a final check of all systems on Mars and on the transit vehicle, engines of the propellant stages will be fired and the MTV will be launched into a Mars-transit trajectory. This is the point of no return for the Mars crew. Read more about the Mars Transit Vehicle. The cargo for the second crew will be launched toward Mars in the same month as the launch of the first Mars settlers Before the first crew begins its journey, the ECLSS will have produced a breathable atmosphere of 0.7 barometric pressure, 3,000 liters of water, and 240 kg of oxygen which will be stored for later use. Read more about the life support units and the ECLSS. The rover will also deposit Martian soil on top of the inflatable sections of the habitat to shield it from radiation. Read more about radiation protection
        
        In 2032, Approximately twenty-four hours before landing, the crew will move from the transit habitat into the landing module, bringing some of the supplies from the transit habitat. The landing module will then detach from the transit habitat, which is too large to land on Mars. The transit habitat is discarded and stays in orbit around the sun.
        
        The landing technology will be the same as used for previous cargo missions. This will ensure that the human crew lands in a system that has been tested several times already. Upon landing, the crew takes up to forty-eight hours to get used to gravity after spending six to eight months in space. The astronauts will leave the lander in their Mars suits and will be picked up by the rover that will bring them to the outpost. They will enter the settlement through an airlock and spend the next few days in one of the living units, recovering and settling into their new environment. After their acclimatization period, the crew will deploy the rest of the solar panels, install the hallways between the landers, and set up food production units.
        
        In 2033, The second crew will depart from Earth and the cargo modules for the third crew will be launched. When the astronauts land on Mars, they will be welcomed by the first crew. Their living quarters will already be prepared. The hardware for the third crew will land a few weeks later and will be added to the settlement. This process will continue as additional crews and cargo modules land every 26 months.
        
        Mars One plans to make the first human steps a huge media event.
        
        Mars One’s first Astronaut Selection Program started in 2013 with the first of four selection rounds. The first two rounds have already been successfully completed: one hundred Round 3 candidates remain. Mars One is currently preparing for Round Three and Four. The design for the next rounds is ready and the next steps are determining the locations and dates, expanding the team of selection and training specialists, and logistics.
        
        The probe will use the same proven structure as NASA's recent Mars Phoenix and upcoming Mars InSight probes, as well as the same contractor, Lockheed Martin. Lansdorp points out that NASA has an 87 5 percent track record overall on the Red Planet. But he quickly jumps in when I describe the lander as a low-risk prelude to a crewed mission to Mars.
        
        the Mars lander will be tested several times prior to the landing of the first crew, using identical vehicles. As is standard in the aerospace industry, every component will be selected for its simplicity, durability, and capacity to be repaired using the facilities that are available to the astronauts on Mars.
      - where theyre a right now
        
        Mars One's mission design is currently in the early mission concept phase, or Phase A. The top level requirements for the mission have been identified and discussed with established aerospace companies. Possible solutions were proposed and discussed after which a baseline mission concept was defined and rough cost figures were discussed.
        
        In this phase, suppliers with relevant experience will be contracted to perform conceptual design studies for every major (sub)-system required for the permanent settlement mission. These studies demand 500 to 2500 man-hours each leading to a comprehensive technical concept design of the various components of the Mission to Mars. The Mars One mission design will be updated according to the results of the conceptual design studies and changes will also be included when technology matures further. Phase A will result in a firm baseline design and improved cost figures
        
        The next phase of development will be the detailed design of all elements needed to safely bring humans to Mars (Phase B). These detailed designs and further improved cost figures will allow Mars One to move the mission forward to Phases C and D in which all elements are built, manufactured, integrated and tested, and launched to Mars. This should lead to full system readiness on the surface of Mars, giving the green light for the first crew of four astronauts to start their journey to Mars.
    - - 4 Bring the Humans
        Send the first crew on the seven-month trip to Mars on a modified Falcon 9 rocket. They will descend to the surface in a lander and subsist on rations until they establish some form of farming.
        
        Technical feasibility:
        Low. A four-person lander would dwarf the largest craft yet landed on Mars. To get it safely to the surface, engineers would likely require a new approach, not yet tested.”
      - 3 Set Up Habitats
        Land a series of cargo missions containing inflatable habitation pods and a second rover. That rover will tow the pods to the settlement location and roll out thin-film solar panels to fuel the production of water and oxygen from Martian soil.
        
        Technical feasibility: Low. Landing loads in close proximity is hard. A rover would need enough power to tow cargo, and such a design has not been tested
      - 2 Deliver a Rover
        Use an intelligent ground vehicle to scout the best location for long-term settlement-flat terrain, with ample sun and water-and act as a beacon to guide future shipments.
        
        Technical feasibility:
        Moderate. Curiosity advanced our collective ability to land large craft, but rovers are not yet efficient scouts. For instance, in just more than a year, Curiosity has traveled about five miles
      - Start by placing a pair of communications satellites, one in a Mars stationary orbit and the other in orbit around the Sun, so that future colonists can stay in touch with Earth throughout the year.
        
        Technical feasibility:
        High. We know how to build and launch satellites, and we've been communicating with spacecraft near Mars since 1965.”
    - - On top of a dormant volcano in Hawaii, six people are living in a 1,000-square-foot dome for the next year.
        
        It's NASA's Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (HI-SEAS) project, and it's the longest U.S. isolation experiment to date. The volunteers, who hail from France, Germany, and the U.S., include three scientists, a pilot, an architect, and a doctor. They are living as a NASA crew would live during its time on Mars. Their food is dehydrated, they experience a 20-minute delay on all e-mails they send and receive, and due to a limited water supply, they each have only seven minutes per week to shower. The mission is allowing NASA to study how confinement could affect the mental and emotional health of the first crew to go to Mars
      - they plan on building an underground living quarters
      - NASA’s proposed manned mission to Mars is scheduled to take place during the 2030s using the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) and the Space Launch System (SLS).
      - NASA can potentially land people on Mars by 2039
      - “Getting to Mars will likely take six to nine months. The NASA mission, which allots 500 days for a crew of four to explore the planet, would take two to three years round-trip.”
      - For the last six years, NASA has continued developing a deep space capsule, Orion, as well as begun construction on a large new rocket, the Space Launch System, as the foundation of an exploration program. NASA has promoted a “Journey to Mars,” but in reality the space agency has taken no definitive steps to preclude either a Moon or Mars pathway. That decision will have to be made soon. Within the next four years or so, the space agency must start designing and building specific hardware, for landing and living on either the Moon or Mars.