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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (Working-class movement (Demans (Ban on child…
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Causes
Agricultural Revolution
More agricultural production and more crops
Increased trade
Between other countries
Population growth
Living conditions improved
Technological advances
New machinery
Consequences
Agricultural improvements
Enough food for the population
Trade
Profits from trade invested in industry
Population growth
Industrial development+workers
Mechanisation
Products produced more quickly
Key elements of industrialisation
Textile industry
Spinning machine and mechanical weaving
Increased in production and reduced prices
Birth of factory and division of labour
Transport industry
Products transport easily
Steam locomotive and steamship
Iron and steel industry
Facilitated by the use of coal
Bessemer converter(iron into steel)
Industrialisation in Europe
Spain
demand was limited
Poor quality materials
Insufficient domestic capital
Two industries
Cotton industry
Iron and steel industry
Rest of Europe
Reserves of coal
Railway networks
Capital for investment in industry
Population growth
Naval industry, abundance mineral sources and extensive railway by Prussia.
New agricultural techniques from US.
Class based society
New form of society
Status depended on the wealthy and the job
Society was more open
Three different groups
Upper class
Wealthy bourgeoisie
Working class
Extreme poverty (proletariat )
Middle class
Medium level of wealth( good living conditions)
All citizens were equal before the law(theory)
Reasons
Revolutions in 18th century
More importance on wealthy
Abolished of privileges of Clergy and Nobility
Working-class movement
Child labour
Wages too low
Between 14 and 16 hours a day
Lack of safety and hygiene
No right to protest
Workers had no rights
Working-class politics
Protest against the factory owners
Trade unions
Strikes when negotiations failed
Chartist movement
Demand political reforms
Luddites
Destroying machines(it was a dealth penalt)
Demans
Ban on child labour
Political reforms
Better safety and hygiene
Freedom of association
Shorter working days
Right to strike and protest
Higher wages
Representation in parliament
Universal manhood suffrage
Revolutionary ideologies
Marxism
Dictatorship of the working class
Private property abolishef
Proletariat became the owners of the production
Class struggle
The proletariat gained political power
Equal society without classes
Anarchism
Social revolution
Direct action(people represent themselves)
Individual freedom
Abolition of private property
The International
Meeting between some European countries
First Internstionsl
To coordinate workers action
To encourage the collective ownership
Second Internationsl
Socialist parties
Dissolved when the First World War began