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Proton Pumps and Oesophageal Sphincter Control (Proton Pumps (What??…
Proton Pumps and Oesophageal Sphincter Control
Proton Pumps
What??
Integral membrane protein that is capable of moving protons across the biological membrane
Gastric H+/ATPase pumps are specific to the gastric lumen
Help to acidify stomach contents
MOA
Transports one H+ ion from the parietal cell in exchange for one K+ ion from the gastric mucosa
Does this against a concentration gradient!
Energy is generated from phosphorylation of ATP
Pi removed from ATP and used to provide energy for pumping action
Where?
Located on the gastric mucosa (inner lining) that lines the stomach
Parietal Cells - a type of epithelial cell
Passage of Motility in the Oesophagus and its Sphincters
Oesophagus
Only route for entry of food into the stomach
Also route by which gas and vomit is ejected from the stomach via the mouth
Saliva
Alkaline and contributes to protection of the oesphagus
Lubricates the passage of food
1l of saliva is produced a day and it is swallowed and absorbed into the small intestine
Oesophagus and Anus
Retention of gas in the upper gut is thought to give rise to the sensation of BLOATING
Only route by which gas leaves the body via farting and belching
Sphincters
Upper Sphincter
Regulates entry of material into the oesophagus and exit of vomit and gas
Lower Sphincter
Prevents entry of material into the oesophagus from the stomach
Bolus transfer from the mouth to the stomach
PHARYNGEAL
Pharynx to oesophageal body
BUCCAL
Bolus from the buccal cavity to the PHARYX via the action of the tongue