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DEV 5: TOM IN CHIMPS (FB Understanding (Positive Evidence (Krupenye et al…

- - - - understand only surface-level of behaviour and form behavioural rules
      - chimps make predictions about future behaviours that follow from past ones and adjust own behaviour accordingly
  - - - highly social – need to anticipate what others do
      - observing previous behaviour and deriving set of behavioural rules enables behavioural prediction
      - BUT: inferring states not only in previous situations, but in novel ones
      - need to anticipate actions based on goals and intentions
- - - - don't understand that seeing leads to knowledge - so beg from blindfolded person
  - - - chimps begged more when they were watched
      - sensitive to both body and face orientation but not eyes
      - distinguishes between face forward with body backward and backward with no face
    - - some situations subordinate had knowledge that dominant didn't share
      - subordinate only got food when dominant didn't know where food was
      - chimps can therefore reason about others knowledge on basis of what they can/can't see
    - - chimps show visual and auditory perspective taking
      - better to approach from direction they wouldn't be seen and food that competitor can't see
      - competitor important part of actions - whether they are looking and whether they are being seen
- - - - unexpected transfer task; chimp can't see where treat was hidden - understand that man doesn't know where treat was moved to
      - no chimp pointed at correct cup
      - problem: if there is a lot of training they believe that thats what they need to do (underestimate their abilities)
  - - - using eye tracking
      - 2/3 looked at target rather than distractor
      - are able to predict goals, without experimenter completing actions