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Role and Status of Women in Germany between the years of 1918-1989 (Weimar…
Role and Status of Women in Germany between the years of 1918-1989
Nazi Policies Towards Women
1935
18th October - law for the protection of hereditary health,which requires German people to have a fitness to marry certificate in order to get married.
1936 - women are excluded from working in the civil service
1933
June 1st - Interest fee marriage loans for Aryan couples intorduced to reduce the unemploynent ratio as the women are asked to give up their jobs and promise not to work again..
30th June - women in the civil service were dismissed if their husband has a good wage.
14th July - Law for prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Disesases ould be sterialsed if they had mental and physical disabilities.
1937- due to increasing war goods production women can still work and be awarded the marraige loan.
31st December 1931- SS Marriage Order, SS can only marry Aryran women.
This was ammended in 1936 so that the SS didn't have ti marry an Aryan women but had to have atleast 4 children.
1938- marriage law extends the grounds for divource to include infertility, having an abortion and refusing to ave a baby.
May 1939- mothers cross introduced if you had 4 children you get a bronze cross, 6 children gets a silver cross and 8or more gets a gold cross
FRG
1948 - 7.3 Million more women in Germany than men
Divorce rate rose sharply in 1940s. At it's worst, in1948, the divorce rate was 80% higher than in 1946
Engrained Nazi propaganda that politics was not for women hampered them at this point.
Women's liberation movements were active in Germany in the 1960's and 1970's
Paragraph 218 - It was a crime for women to seek abortion unless it threatened their health. This was introduced in 1871
Radical feminist groups targeted this and wanted paragraph 218 to be abolished
A largely based lesbian movement targeted West Berlin.
Women's groups in Germany were influenced by other groups such as the American based National Organisation for Women.
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Weimar
on November 12th 1918- the emrrgency goverment gave women the vote
the turn out of women on the first elcetions was 90% and women took seats in the goverment and the Reichstag.
in total 112 women were elected to the reichstage between 1919 and 1932
the falling birth rate was a concern it fell from 128 live births per 100,00 women in 1911, to 80 live births in 1925 and to 59 in 1933
1925- the percnetage of the work force was 36%
of the 36% of women working in 1925 over half were poorly paid and manual working jobs
during the 1920s women were changing especially uoung educated unmarried women, they became very like 'flappers'of the USA. these women were mostly City based
the weimar goverments attitude towards women was liberal in theroy but far more traditional in practice.