Nose
External Appearance
Saddle nose
Destruction of the tissue of the external nose
Flaring nostrils during normal respiration
erosion of the bony portion of the nose
Seen in congenital syphilis
caused by
Gummas of late syphilis
Basal cell carcinoma
diseases of the chest
abdominal conditions touching on the diaphragm
Internal Appearance
Nasal Septum
Perforation
causes
tuberculosis
infected intranasal hematoma
chromium poisoning
syphilis
trauma
cocaine or heroin inhalation
connective tissue diseases
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Whatever the etiology, the connection between the subarachnoid space and the nose predisposes the patient to meningitis and may require surgical intervention
Often mixed with blood, which does not clot. Such nasal secretions should be evaluated by placing a drop on a piece of filter paper (or paper towel) to see whether it separates into a central red spot with a clear, strawcolored outer ring or “halo.” (The halo is due to CSF.) Never place a nasogastric tube in a patient with this sign because it may end up in the cranial vault
The presence of beta-2 transferrin in the fluid is diagnostic
Loss of Smell
Bilateral anosmia
Unilateral anosmia
always accompanies hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann syndrome).