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Urban Enviroments (Urbanisation is HICs (Reducing congestion in cities…

- - - - The areas can offer pleasant landscaped environments, with less traffic problems and pollution
    - - Urban centres cannot dispose or treat their own waste as the land is limited. Therefore space is used outside of urban area.
    - - Their location allows easy access to transport routes. There is also room for car parking. The land is cheaper here than in the city centre.
  - - - Are often on disused or derelict land.
      - Are more available in the North and Midlands
      - The site has already been developed so reduces urban sprawl.
      - Are more expensive to build on as often the land needs to be cleared first
    - - Are not favoured by environmentalists, as it encourages urban sprawl.
      - Encourage commuting and traffic congestion as people travel into urban areas from the countryside.
      - Are cheaper to build on.
      - Are sites which have not previously been built on. This includes the greenbelt land around cities.
- - - - Overcrowding - high population density
      - Fires can spread quickly
      - Competition for jobs (short supply)
      - Disease - poor sanitation, limited healthcare
      - Lack of space
      - Infrastructure- services are limited, public transport is limited and so is electricity (which can be dangerous)
    - - Rural investment
        
        Improving the quality of life and creating greater opportunities in rural areas may prevent people from migrating to urban areas. Investment in rural areas may therefore help to improve conditions in the city as well.
      - Self-help schemes
        
        give people the tools and training to improve their homes. Low-interest loans may be used to help people fund these changes. People may be given legal ownership of the land.
      - Site and service schemes
        
        give people the chance to rent or buy a piece of land. The land is connected to the city by transport links and has access to essential services (eg water). People build their own homes using money from a low-interest loan
  - - - The green spaces being dedicated to different ethnic and immigrant groups.
      - Lighthouses of Knowledge. These are free educational and internet centres.
      - COHAB, the public housing programme, is providing 50,000 homes for the urban poor.
      - Creating and retaining parks and green space beside the rivers. This acts as a floodplain.