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Elements of Essays and Speeches (Elements (Author's Purpose: the…
Elements of Essays and Speeches
Elements
Author's Purpose: the author's main reason for writing
Central Idea: the author's main, or central, point
Point of view: the author's overall stance on the subject
Structure: the organizational pattern the author uses to develop and present his or her ideas
Style: the author's distinct approach to writing that includes syntax and diction
Rhetorical Devices: patterns of word choice, syntax, and meaning used to emphasize ideas, including parallelism, the use of similar grammatical structures to express related ideas
Tone: the author's emotional attitude toward his or her subject and audience
Types of Essays
An expository essay explains a topic by providing information about it or by exploring an idea related to it
A persuasive essay attempts to convince readers to accept the writer's point of view on an issue
A reflective essay presents experiences that inspired the writer's thoughts or feelings about a topic
A narrative essay tells the story of real events or experiences
A descriptive essay provides specific details to create an impression of a person, and object, or an experience
Types of Speeches
Address: a formal, prepared speech that is usually delivered by someone of importance
Lecture: a prepared speech that informs an audience
Talk: an informal speech delivered in a controversial style
Sermon: a prepared speech intended to teach or inspire
Presentation: a prepared speech about a topic; may include visual aids
Extemporaneous Speech: a speech delivered without preparation, usually in a controversial style.
Types of support
Facts
Descriptions
Statistics
Examples
Reasons
Expert Opinion
Organizational Structures
Chronological order
Spatial order: presents details from left to right, bottom to top, near to far, and so on
List organization: sorts ideas into categories
Comparison and contrast order
Cause and effect organization
Problem and solution
Rhetorical Devices
Rhetorical devices are language techniques used to emphasize ideas
Repetition
Parallel structure: similar grammatical structures
Restatement
Rhetorical Questions
Analogies