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Elements of Speeches and Essays (Elements (Point of View (The author's…
Elements of Speeches and Essays
Elements
Point of View
The author's overall stance on the subject; an author's point of view reflects his or her beliefs, experiences, and values
Structure
The organizational pattern the author used to develop and present his or her ideas
Central Idea
The author's main, or central point
Style
The author's distinct approach to writing. Stylistic elements include the author's syntax and diction
Author's Purpose
The author's main reason for writing
Rhetorical Devices
Patterns of word choice, syntax, and meaning used to emphasize ideas, including parallelism, the use of similar grammatical structures to express related ideas
Tone
The author's emotional attitude toward his or her subject and audience
Types of Essays
Reflective Essay
Presents experiences that inspired the writer's thoughts or feelings about a topic
Narrative Essay
Tells the story of real events or experiences
Persuasive Essay, or Argument
Attempts to convince readers to accept the writer's point of view on an issue or to take a particular course of action
Descriptive Essay
Provides specific details to create an impression of a person, an object, or an experience
Expository Essay
Explains a topic, by providing information about it or by exploring and idea related to it
Types of Speeches
Lecture
A prepared, often formal speech that informs or instructs an audience
Talk
An informal speech delivered in a conversational style
Address
A formal, prepared speech that is usually delivered by someone of importance
Sermon
A prepared, often formal speech intended to teach or inspire
Presentation
A prepared speech about a topic, may include visual aids
Extemporaneous Speech
A speech delivered without preparation, usually in a conversational style
Types of Support
Statistics
Numerical data that presents important information on a subject
Descriptions
Details that tell what something looks like, sounds like, and so on
Facts
Statements that can be proved
Examples
Specific cases that illustrate an idea
Reasons
Statements that justify or explain a belief
Expert Opinions
Statements made by people who have special knowledge of a topic