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Elements of Speeches and Essays (Elements (Point of View (1st person, 2nd…
Elements of Speeches and Essays
Elements
Author's Purpose
Central Idea- the author's main point
Point of View
1st person
2nd Person- how-to articles
3rd person omniscient- all knowing
3rd person limited
Structure- organization pattern the author uses to develop and present his or her ideas
Style- the author's distinct approach to writing
Syntax- sentence structure, length and variety
Diction
Rhetorical Devices- patterns of word choice, syntax, and meaning used to emphasize ideas
Tone
Types of Essays
Expository- explains a topic by providing information about it or by exploring an idea related to it
Persuasive/argument- attempts to convince readers to accept the writer's point of view on and issue or to take a particular course of action
Narrative- tells the story of real events or experiences
Reflective- presents experiences that inspired the writer's thoughts or feelings about a topic
Descriptive- provides specific details to create an impression of a person, an object, or an experience
Types of Speeches
Address- a formal speech that is usually delivered by someone of importance
Lecture- a prepared speech that informs or instructs someone
Talk
Sermon- a prepared, often formal speech intended to teach or inspire
Presentation
Extemporaneous Speech- a speech delivered without preparation, usually in a conversational style
Essay Elements
Support
Facts
Statistics
Descriptions
Examples
Reasons
Expert Opinions
Organization of Structure/Ideas
The piece of writing can be divided into sections, paragraphs, and sentences within paragraphs.
Types of Organization
Chronological order
Spatial Order- presents details from left to right, bottom to top, near to far
List organization- presents connected details consecutively
Compare and contrast
Cause and Effect
Problem and Solution
Rhetorical Devices
Repetition
Parallel Structure- the use of similar grammatical structures to express related ideas
Restatement
Rhetorical Questions
Analogies- comparisons that show similarities between things that are otherwise not alike
Imagery and Figurative Language
Imagery- vivid details that appeal to the five senses of sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell
Common Types of Figurative Language
simile
metaphor
personification
Tone and Word Choice
Connotations- emotional associations, plays a key part in creating tone