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HIST2300 02/13/2017 (1676 - two Rebellions and one war European colonial…

- - - - 70 years of colonization... The "planter class"
        
        Wealthy immigrants ith large grants, early migrants who built tobacco fortunes
        
        Have the port and waterways controlled
        
        Have the House of Burgess controlled
        
        Prime land:
        
        Shipping ports
        
        Flat, well watered land for monoculture crops
      - The "other white population"
        
        Former indentured servants given small free-hold land grants
        
        "up land" from the coast -- frontier
        
        Need to be cleared, some in foothills not suitable for large fields
        
        On the frontier with indians
      - Were their claims true? yes.
      - Consequences of the Rebellion
        
        Governor Berkely recalle, new Royal Governor sent by the king
        
        Political participation in the colony opened slightly to include small landowners
        
        Planter class determines indentured servants and free white labor "too much trouble" --accelerates switch to African-born slaves in Virginia colony
    - - Total war of exterminiation
        
        Puritans(and other new englanders) vs .. The regional indian tribles
        
        Became last desperate attempt to drive out English
      - "king Philip" - nickname given by whites as an insult to leader of confederation of indian groups [born: "metacom" used "philip"]
      - Event and context:
        
        The murder of John sassamon --> a "praying indian"
        
        3 wampanoag men(randomly) arrested, tried, and executed
        
        Broader context or reason: rapid growth and expansion of English settlements
        
        Argument made: "Necessary to rid region of Indians for safety and security"
      - Sassamon and Philip as "praying indians"
        
        Both were educated and converted to Christianity
        
        To english: symbols of "civilization" through conversion
        
        To indians: symbols of the :treachery" of literacy and religion on survival of culture
        
        Praying indians -- the term itself sets them apart from other Christians despite conversion
        
        English never fully trust or include converted indians - race always paramount
        
        1620 -1675: 20=30k English plus their descendants. Overwhelming the region and expanding out of Massachusetts bay colony and Plymouth
      - " The most deadly war in American history"
      - New England Indian tribes: nearly extinguished
      - English colonists: 10 % of total population killed
        
        More than 50% of english towns/ villages destroyed
        
        Demographics!!!
        
        Large family migrations to a temperate climate: natural population increase
        
        Small family farms - multiply and spread with each generation
      - August 1676: Philip shot and killed in Rhode Island
        
        Beheaded, quartered as "a traitor to the colonies" (?????)
        
        Head was displayed on a post in Plymouth for at least 20 years.
        
        During that summer the last battles were fought and the Indians were defeated.
    - - All 1676: what is the connection between all or any of them?
        
        There is no connection between these conflicts
    - - Price of tobacco falling rapidly-- less chance to work for a "fortune"
      - Quality of land granted to former servants/immigrant whites
      - Desire to "police" indians AND to extend their wn farms
      - Taxes believed to be unfair
    - - Petition House of Burgesses and Royal Gov. Berkley for "relief"
        
        Berkeley refuses:
        
        Issue: Treaties with the Indian Groups
        
        Issue : disregard of frontier settlers based on socio-political grounds
        
        Berkeley promises 21 years of tax relief to anyone "defending" the colony(his side)
        
        Nathaniel Bacon: a member of the "gentry" takes up the cause
        
        Leads a march of settlers from the frontier to Jamestown - burns it down
        
        Settlers put the capitol under siege.. Bacon dies of dysentery, settlers retreat