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Elements of Speeches and Essays (Elements (Author's Purpose (The…
Elements of Speeches and Essays
Types of Speech
Address:
a formal, prepared speech that is usually delivered by someone of importance
Lecture:
a prepared, often formal speech that informs or instructs an audience
Talk:
an informal speech delivered in a conversational style
Sermon:
a prepared, often formal speech intended to teach or inspire
Presentation:
a prepared speech about a topic, may include visual aids
Extemporaneous Speech:
a speech delivered without without preparation, usually in a conversational style.
Elements
Author's Purpose
The author's main reason for writing
Central Idea
The author's main, or central point
Point of View
The author's overall stance on the subject: an author's point of view reflects his or her beliefs, experiences, and values
Structure
The organizational pattern the author uses to develop and present his or her ideas.
Style
The author's distinct approach to writing. Stylistic elements include the author's syntax (sentence structure, length and variety) and diction (word choice)
Rhetorical Devices
Patterns of word choice, syntax, and meaning used to emphasize ideas, including parallelism, the use of similar grammatical structures to express related ideas
Tone
The author's emotional attitude toward his or her subject and audience
Types of Support
Facts
Statistics
Descriptions
Examples
Reasons
Expert Opinions
Organization of Ideas
Chronological Order
Spatial Order
List Organization
Comparison and Contrast Organization
Cause and Effect Organization
Problem and Solution Organization
Rhetorical Devices
Repetition
Parallel Structure
Restatement
Rhetorical Questions
Analogies
Imagery and Figurative Language
Simile
Metaphor
Personification