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Integrated Circuits (Transistors (CMOS (MOSFET (N-Channel, P-Channel),…
Integrated Circuits
Transistors
TTL
Driving Gate
Source Current for HIGH state
Sink Current for LOW state
TTL Inverter
Circuit
Operation
NAND Gate
CMOS vs TTL
Logic Levels
Power Consumption
Noise Margin/Immunity
Speed/Power Product
Power dissipation
Propagation Delay
Efficientcy
CMOS
MOSFET
N-Channel
P-Channel
Driving Gate
Charging current for HIGH state
Discharging current for LOW state
Loading Gates
Predominantly Capacitive
Ring Oscillator
Gate switching Threshold
Voltage Transfer Charectoristics
Gate Circuitry
NAND Gates
NOR Gates
CMOS Inverter
Circuit
Operation
Switching frequency
BJT
Current controlled
Can be P or N channel
FET
Voltage controlled
Can be NPN or PNP
Design
Challenges
Speed
Power dessipation
Layout Techniques
Rules
Micron Rules
Absolute dimensions in micrometers
Scalable Lambda
Linear, proportional sclaing
Simpler version of the Micron rule
Tape out
Types Of IC's
ASIC
Non-reprogrammble
Better performance
More expensive
FPGA
Reprogrammble
Cheap
more power dissipation
Simulation
HDL
Verilog
Based on C programming language
VHDL
Fabrication
Photolitography
Photo masking
Chemical etching
Power resist
Moors law