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week 2 : Marxism (1818-1883) (Karl Marx:biography (1818-1883) (Works: (…
week 2 :
Marxism (1818-1883)
Karl Marx:biography (1818-1883)
No academic career possible
Exiled: Germany – Paris – England
Graduated from universities Bonn, Berlin, and Jena
Works:
Manifest of the Communist Party (1848)
Das Kapital (1867 Vol.1; Vol. 2-3 appeared posthumous)
Theory of History
Relations of production:
Rules, social relations, property relations --> static
Superstructure reinforces status quo: Art, philosophy, religion, literature, music, etc.
Forces of production
: Technology, types of capital, skill level of labor
--> dynamic
Dynamic production forces will get in conflict with static relations of production--> Revolution
* New relations of production and superstructure
Theory of history-in practice
Under capitalism
Increasing unemployment and poverty cause workers to revolt
Working class prevails and establishes dictatorship of
proletariat
Techniques of production become concentrated and centralized
--> Socialism:
Private ownership allowed
But capital and land are publicly owned
Production planned, no profit motive and free markets
--> COMMUNISM
Law of motion of capitalist society -1:
Labor theory of value
: CHECK slide 5/17
Absolute labor time determines value
Exchange value: socially necessary labor production time
Capital or land owners do not add value.
(Idea there is only 1 productive factor that adds value comes from physiocracts (there : nature-agriculture;Marx: labor))
Use value: utility
Law of motion of capitalist society -1:
Theory of exploitation
“Reserve army of unemployed”
Possibility to force long work hours
Wage paid to workers = minimum subsistence wage
Workers are the course of all value, but labor does not get all value
surplus = productivity – subsistence wage