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Economic geography of South Africa part 2 (Strategies for industrial…
Economic geography of South Africa part 2
Strategies for industrial development
Apartheid industrial development strategies
a way to turn SA into a republic of white people where blacks could not be citizens
blacks where then forced out of their homes and farms
Industrial development points: developed in a way that blacks would find them as attractive as the big metropolitan areas of SA
Regional deconcentration points: close to the metropolitanareas
Metropolitan areas: existing city areas that were already attractive to private enterprise
post apartheid industrial development strategies
RPD (Reconstruction and Development Programme) of 1994; improved water supplies to rural villages; new jobs for 8300 people in water industry; 400000 new homes
The GEAR strategy ( Growth, Employment and Redistribution) of 1996 to 2003; expand the private sector; improve output; encourage trade; increase investment; use better procedures
The BEE policy (Black Economic Empowerment) of 1995; has enriched very few previously disadvantaged people and has not distributed wealth and skills to the majority
The B-BBEE policy (Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment; introduced in 2007; specifies codes of good practice to measure conformity with BEE in all sectors
The concept of Industrial Development Zones (IDZs) and their distribution
a total of 8 IDZs have been selected for advance development
either ports or are near airports
Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs)
closely linked to IDZs
to develop and improve existing transport infrastructure
to correct some of the damage done by the apartheid strategies
to create an attractive environment for private-sector investment
to initiate and support economic activities along those transport corridors
The informal sector
involves people who have had to find work for themselves, sometimes illegally - side of the street or in their homes
self-employed
sometimes other members of the family are involved, including children
wages are uncertain and working hours are usually long
capital use is low - usually small amounts of cheap raw materials or below-standard goods
profit margins are small because income per hour is low
unemployment rates in SA are remarkably high