Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lymph Nodes (Lymph Node Groups (Other Nodes (Postauricular node, other…
Lymph Nodes
Lymph Node Groups
Axillary Nodes
Unilateral axillary adenopathy may be seen in infections of the upper extremity, breast cancer, cat-scratch disease, lymphoma, and brucellosis
Epitrochlear Nodes
In the absence of dermatitis or other inflammation of the hands or forearms, the presence of epitrochlear nodes is an extremely valuable clue to systemic diseases, such as sarcoid. Bilateral epitrochlear nodes are also seen in tularemia and secondary syphilis.
-
Cervical Nodes
posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is very often due to dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis). It also occurs in scalp infections, toxoplasmosis, and rubella.
Other Nodes
Postauricular node, other than in an acute illness such as rubella, mandates a close look at the nasopharynx (may be a tumor in the tail of the parotid gland)
Occipital nodes are commonly involved in the lymphadenopathy associated with AIDS. Together with postauricular nodes, they are typically involved in rubella
-
Nodes in the hypothyroid membrane may become enlarged and palpable in tracheal carcinoma, in carcinoma of the thyroid, in de Quervain thyroiditis, or in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Submandibular nodes: The best way to learn to feel the submandibular nodes is to find a patient with infected teeth. The submandibular nodes under the chin have their own adjective, submental. Intra-abdominal malignancies do not metastasize to submental nodes. If submental nodes are present when there is no dental pathology, one would do better to diagnose an independent lymphoma, even in the presence of known intra-abdominal neoplasia.
Supraclavicular Nodes
Cancer of the breast and bronchus may metastasize to the ipsilateral supraclavicular nodes. But the left supraclavicular nodes may additionally be involved by metastases from the abdominal organs. While gastric carcinoma is the usual cause, the primary carcinoma may be as far away as the testis.
-
Dimensions
Four dimensions that must be described for any lymph node that is detected: (a) size, (b) tenderness, (c) consistency, and (d) matting
-
-
Nodes that are not stony hard but very firm like the rubber of a pencil tip eraser are often due to Hodgkin disease or other lymphomas
Matted nodes feel as if they are connected, and when one is moved, the others seem to move with it. Such nodes are found in metastatic neoplasms and sometimes in primary lymphatic malignancy. However, matting also occurs in nonneoplastic conditions such as chronic inflammation and occasional sarcoidosis
-
In patients under age 30, lymphadenopathy is due to benign causes in 80% of cases. In patients over age 50, the cause of lymphadenopathy is benign in only 40%
one of the most important parts of the physical examination, especially in patients with a fever of unknown origin, weight loss, or known or suspected carcinoma