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Biology Concept Map (Functions of Proteins (Rubisco (Rubisco is the enzyme…
Biology Concept Map
Functions of Proteins
They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains.
Rubisco
Rubisco is the enzyme with an active site that catalyses the photosynthesis reaction that fixes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, providing all the carbon needed by living organisms to make sugars and other carbon compounds.
Insulin
is the hormone that is carried dissolved in the blood and binds specifically and reversibly to insulin receptors in the membranes of the body cells. causing the cells to absorb glucose and lower th blood glucose concentration
Immunoglobulins
are antibodies that bind to antigens on pathogens. The immune system can produce a huge range of immunoglobulins, each with a different type of binding site, allowing specific immunity against many different diseases.
Rhodopsin
Is the pigment that makes the rod cells of the retina light sensitive. It has a non-amino acid part called retinal that absorbs a photon of light and when this happens the rod cells sends a nerve impulse to the brain.
Collagen
is the structural protein. It has three polypeptides wound together to form a rope like conformation and is used in the skin to prevent tearing, in bones to prevent fractures and in tendons and ligaments to give tensile strength.
Spider silk
is a structural protein that is used to make webs for catching prey and lifelines on which spiders suspend themselves. It has a very high tensile strength and becomes stronger when it is stretched.
Protein Conformations
The conformation of a protein is its three-dimensional structure. Determined by the amino acid sequence of a protein and the polypeptides.
Fibrous
-Prevents folding, ensures it remains the form
Globular
-Gradually folds, stabilizes the R group and is soluble in water.
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Drawing Amino Acids
Amino Acids: Linked together by condensation reactions. The condensation involves the amine group (-NH) of one amino acid and the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another. Water is eliminated
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Amino Diversity
Polypeptides are made up of a carbon atom in the centre of the molecule, which is bonded to an amine group, a carboxyl group and a hydrogen atom. It is also bonded to an R group.
Some proteins contain other amino acids than the basic 20, but that is most likely because the amino acid has been modified after a polypeptide has been synthesized.
Denaturation
3D conformation. They're stablized by bonds or interactions between R groups of amino acids within the molecules.
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