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How Significant was the Modern Revolution in Creating the Modern World? …

- - - - Causes
        
        Financial incentives
        
        Economic opportunity
        
        Government encouraging building of new colonies #
        
        Space and farmland beginning to run out in Europe #
        
        Explosion in European population
        
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        Potential to build a new society around a certain religion
        
        .
      - Effects
        
        Creation of new colonies in India, Americas and Australia
        
        More land being used for farming
        
        Colonies exported various goods such as cotton and sugar from the Americas
        
        Countries of today formed
        
        Racial tensions and culture developed between races
        
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        Creation of more variations of religions
        
        Taking over of land from indigenous people #
        
        Done brutally in various countries such as Australa #
        
        Spread of European diseases throughout tribes
        
        Much of the population wiped out
        
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    - - That the European colonisation was wrong in taking over land
        
        Australia was invaded and taken from Indigenous people wrongly
      - Australia was not discovered by Europeans but was discovered by Aboriginal people over 40 000 years ago
      - The spread of smallpox throughout the Americas by Europeans way have been intentional
    - - Indigenous peoples
        
        White settlers invaded the land
        
        Unnecessary killings and bloodshed
        
        Treated as animals and not people
        
        Declaration of terra nullis
        
        Wiped out a major part of the aboriginal population with smallpox,
      - Government
        
        Chance to expand a nations influence and territory
        
        Needed to produce more food and products for growing population
        
        Needed to manage convicts that were sent to colonies
      - Settlers
        
        . Compensation provided at a later date to assist financially in travelling to Australia
        
        Excellent economic opportunity to produce food and goods, particularly in Australia where land and convict workers were both provided for free
        
        Chance to be part of a new society
    - - Continuity
        
        Much like when the Silk Road was at its peak,people have migrated for trade reasons
        
        Still continues today
        
        Governments encourage people to move into new areas to control more land
      - Change #
        
        New lands discovered by explorers
        
        Imperialism was taking hold of Europe
        
        Financial incentives offered by governments to encourage people to resettle
        
        Farms being created in new colonies
        
        Required citizens to man the farms #
  - - - Cause & Effect
        
        Causes
        
        Prisons overcapacity in England
        
        Various punishments could not keep up with number of new prisoners
        
        Harsh English justice system did not forgive any crime
        
        Many petty crimes committed
        
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        Effects
        
        Prisoners sent on boats as convicts to new colonies
        
        Most convicts provided labour to build and maintain colonies
        
        Were assigned to settler's properties as free labour
        
        After serving their sentence many convicts could not afford to return to England
        
        Large proportions of colonial populations were convicts
        
        Much of the population in Australia today relate to convicts
        
        Many died on the journey to Australia due to poor living conditions especially on the Second Fleet
        
        Led to a better overall treatment of convicts to stop the potential of disease on boats
        
        Convicts that had committed serious crimes were sent to Tasmania
      - Contestability
        
        Whether or not deportation was a good method
        
        Effective at freeing up prisons on homeland
        
        Separated prisoners from their families
        
        Many never returned home to England
        
        Harsh living conditions
        
        Many died on the journey at sea
        
        Most were forced into labour at colonies and were assigned to landowners
      - Perspectives
        
        Convicts
        
        Generally poor living conditions
        
        Separated from families in England
        
        Settlers
        
        Provided an economic attraction to settle due to free labour
        
        Government
        
        Transportation good method of freeing up prisons
        
        Enables more prisoners to be handled on homeland
        
        Great potential as a form of free labour other than slaves to work in colonies
      - Continuity & Change
        
        Continuity
        
        Prisoners continued as part of society
        
        Death sentence that some receive continues but there is a push to destroy it
        
        Revolutions always cycle through world society bring their own changes with them
        
        Change
        
        Industrial Revolution was taking hold of England #
        
        Increase in poverty
        
        Large increase in number of prisoners
        
        Transportation of prisoners as convicts
        
        Discovery of new lands
        
        Race to colonise and claim land as a country's own #
        
        .
    - - Cause & Effect
        
        Causes
        
        Ottoman Empire controlling the Silk Road # #
        
        Globalisation as European nations discovered new continents while attempting to trade with Asia via sea
        
        New colonies being formed in a quest to control as much new land as possible
        
        Growing European population required more food
        
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        African rulers traded slaves for goods from the Europeans
        
        Effects
        
        Slaves traded internally and externally as a commodity
        
        10-12 million slaves shipped Africa to the Americas between 1550 and 1880
        
        Over 15% died on the Atlantic crossing due to atrocious living conditions
        
        Provided a massive source of wealth in many economies
        
        Caused the North American economy to boom
        
        Enabled the American War of Independence to be fought and won by the Americans
        
        African rulers' form of wealth was quite often owing and trading slaves which were their own people
        
        Were used in many trades but particularly in agriculture
        
        Poorly treated by owners
        
        Life expectancy for a Brazilian sugar plantation slave was 23 years
      - Contestability
        
        Whether slavery was a good thing
        
        Provided the foundations of the American economies
        
        Without slavery America would probably still be a developing country
        
        Slaves were cruelly treated
        
        Would violate today's human rights
        
        Without slave trade human rights may be worse than they are today
      - Perspectives
        
        Slaves
        
        Treacherous living conditions, being treated as trade-able possessions rather than people. We're branded on cheeks and .
        
        Citizens
        
        Items of economic value, did work for free and returned crops that were in high-demand.
        
        Government
        
        Great form of free labour to work on farms and produce crops that would be imported into Europe
        
        An economic commodity
      - Continuity & Change
        
        Continuity
        
        Population kept growing
        
        Farming continued to grow
        
        More workers needed
        
        Innovation continued to occur #
        
        Slaves/free labour was still being used #
        
        Change
        
        Massive amounts of slaves were being used and traded
        
        Explosion in population
        
        Not enough farmland available in Europe
        
        Newly-discovered Americas being used as farmland #
        
        Economic potential of the Atlantic slave trade discovered
        
        American economies relied heavily on slavery
  - - - Proved that the world was round
        
        Decided to sail around the other way to get to india rather than going around africa
        
        No support for his campaign in Portugal, his home town
        
        Went to Spain and found several Catholic monarchs willing to support him
        
        He had a fleet of 3 ships, the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria
        
        Landed in the Carribean in 1492, thought it was India and proceeded to call the land the West Indies
        
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    - - Sent to Tahiti to observe and record data from the transit of Venus across the sun
        
        Had secret instructions sealed in an envelope only to be opened after their first mission had been completed
        
        The instructions were to look for the Great South Land (Australia) and claim it for England
        
        Landed in Botany Bay and claimed the East Coast under the name New South Wales
        
        England set up convict colonies in NSW in replacement of those in America
        
        Settlement of Australia
        
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- - - - Need for raw materials to power
        the Industrial Revolution
        
        However, some historians believe that
        Imperialism began for other reasons
        
        Also the lure of being able to boast about the
        amount of colonies played a part #
        
        The need for cheap labour
    - - Colonization of new areas
        
        Invasions
        
        Mass killings and brutality
      - Increased trade
        
        Leads to the economy we have today
  - - - Service of for country
    - - Angry at invaders, mass killings
        
        Angered locals , causing the Boer War
    - - Did what was best for country at the time,
        not for other cultures
    - - Society were doing what they thought best
        
        Beneficial for society and wealthy people
  - - - Desire to be the most powerful country/race/people
      - Desire to expand
      - Some people have a desire to expand or settle a new, or remote area of the world, or just to find a quiet area of the world, without many people around
    - - Less killing and slavey
        
        There is now less prejudice between cultures, therefore less hate and kiling
  - - - Most of the regions settled during this
        period of time were African. #
        
        This means that now days we are much nicer to other cultures than we may have been if it wasn't for imperialism
        
        People like Martin Luther King would not be so influential and such an important part of history
      - Economy and trade relationships would not be the same as we have currently
- - - - Continuity
        
        Need for labour to work and refine machinery #
        
        Technological advancements, but in a greater quantity
        
        Machine and energy refinery as a result of rise in demand
        
        Change #
        
        Less farmers but more farming (More efficient farming methods) #
        
        Quality of living and education since less people were occupied by farming
        
        More job opportunities in the cities
        
        Women's rights
        
        Men went off to fight and women were left with all the jobs during WW1
        
        When the men returned, women were reluctant to give up their new-found freedoms
        
        Women's Suffrage movement
        
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        Invention of Machinery
        
        New and increased efficiency in industries
        
        Availability of products and produce
        
        Farming Methods
        
        Transportation
        
        Steam-powered trains
        
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        Steam-powered ships
        
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        Motorcars
        
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        Shift from agricultural commercial society to industrial production society #
        
        Trade #
        
        Routes
        
        Opened up trade around Africa
        
        Usually traded goods from Europe for slaves #
        
        Destinations
        
        Africa
        
        Americas
        
        India
        
        New and different products from
        
        .
        
        Movement of People from countryside to City #
  - - - Cause
        
        Discovery of new energy sources (namely coal)
        
        Closure of the Silk Road by the Ottoman Empire
        
        Discovery of new places to trade
        
        Opening of trade routes via Africa
        
        Fear of pirates
        
        Formation and strengthening of the British Navy # #
        
        Agricultural Revolution #
        
        Landowners had their land subdivided and leased out for a small rent so that peasants could rent a plot and plant their own crops on it for a small fee
        
        Eventually, landowners decided to bring their land under tighter control and make it more productive, so they turned the peasant plot owners off the land and grew more of the same crop, on the one big paddock, leaving many peasants without jobs.
        
        .
      - Effect
        
        Invention of Machines
        
        Increase in Production
        
        Increase in Demand
        
        Need for increased efficiency and labour to keep up with demand #
        
        Invention of higher efficiency machines and better power sources to increase production at a lower price
        
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  - - - Without the industrial revolution and the discovery of power sources such as coal and the invention of steam engines, it would have been impossible to power factories as efficiently and therefore would have been impossible to produce as many goods to trade and therefore bring in as much revenue to further develop the economy
      - If the industrial revolution hadn't happened most people would still be farmers and not have to job opportunities the revolution opened up
      - If the industrial revolution hadn't happened it is possible that WW1 wouldn't have started and weapons of mass destruction wouldn't have been developed and used #
  - - - Usually upper class men with money to burn and ideas to pen. Since there was such a gap in class status only the very rich had the materials, money and time to invent things.
    - - Overworked and underpaid until machines were invented
      - Lower class people
      - Often peasants and country residents whose jobs had gone with the revolution of new farming methods
    - - Lost many jobs in the farming industry due to increased efficiency in the new methods, which required less people but more power in machines
- - - - Murdered by Gavrilo Princip, member of Serbian Nationalist group, Black Hand.
        
        When they heard of the Archdukes visit, the group begun planning his assasination.
        
        One of the main reasons Black Hand assassinated Franz Ferdinand was because he was the future emperor of the Austro-Hungarian empire which they saw as the oppressor of Serbian People.
      - However many historians believe that a number of reasons contributed to the rivalry between the great powers that lead to war on such a large scale.
        
        One way to remember the four main reasons for the war is using the acronym M.A.I.N
        
        M for Militarism
        
        Militarism was one of the 4 mains reasons for the war.
        
        Because Britain had a large navy, Germany wanted a large navy too.
        
        Then France and Germany competed to build bigger armies
        
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        N for Nationalism
        
        Nationalism could also be called Patriotism
        
        People feel like there country is being neglected or attacked, and they feel like they need to defend their country.
        
        These could be for reasons such as pride or even self-defense
        
        A for Alliances
        
        For 20 years Europe had been making alliances, in the thought that it would promote peace, with countries protecting each other.
        
        But the danger of these alliances was if 2 countries got into and argument, it could draw all the allied nations into a conflict.
        
        And this is exactly what happened when the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia led to WWI
        
        I for Imperialism #
        
        Another reason for WWI was that European nations ruled over many smaller nations outside of Europe, which is called Imperialism.
        
        The reason was to build wealth and influence by owning more colonies and land.
  - - - But many countries were simply looking for an excuse to use their arsenal, and this was just something to use as one.
    - - They say this is due to the large increase of army size to the point where countries were looking for an excuse to use there armies and show dominance
  - - - Not expecting such a large scale international reaction because of their actions.
    - - Fearful for there lives as many innocents are being killed in cities and all over euorpe
    - - Soldiers
        
        Some may feel nervous and fearful for there lives when understanding what they are headed into.
        
        Some may be excited to fight for their country and are actually ready to die
      - Relatives
        
        Fear for the lives of other family members going away to fight
  - - - Assassinations are a continuous occurrence in history used to eliminate targets a certain group or person might not feel highly about.