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Ethnicity, crime and justice (Racism and criminal justice system (Stop and…

- - - - 7x ^ likely to be stopped
  - - - black and white offending = equal
      - asians = lower
    - - as more likely offenders
    - - OS + VS = ^ black offenders
      - SRS = v black offenders
- - - - mass stop and search allegations
      - paramilitary tactics
      - excessive surveillance
      - armed raids
      - police violence
      - deaths in custody
      - failure to respond to racist violence
  - - - Asians are 3x more likely
    - - Ethnic differences in offending
        
        relfections
        
        ethnic groups more likely to offend
      - Police racism
        
        stopped more
        
        high discretion
        
        without specific infomation
      - Demographic factors
        
        ethnic minorities over represented
        
        in groups targetted
        
        young, unemployed...
  - - - B 5% more likely to be jailed
- - - - real reflections
      - relative deprivation
      - marginalisation
      - consumerism promotes materialistic goals
      - economic exclusions
      - police racism
        
        unlikely to account for differences
        
        cannot explain ^ B than A
        
        selective racism?
  - - - Gilroy (1982)
        
        created by stereotypes
        
        no more criminal than others
        
        CJS acts on stereotypes
        
        appear in OS
        
        crime = political resisitance
        
        roots in British imperialism
        
        Most Bs and As originated from British colonies
        
        anti colonial struggles = oppression coping
        
        Evaluation
        
        Lea and Young
        
        law abiding citizens
    - - Hall et al. (1970s)
        
        Moral panic
        
        B 'muggers'
        
        Interests of capitalism
        
        dealing with crisis
        
        ruling = rule w/ consent
        
        1970s = inflation, unemployment, strikes
        
        B mugger = scapegoat distraction
        
        DIVIDE WC, WEAKEN OPPRESSION
        
        B youth as a threat
        
        however; inconsistent
        
        B street crime rising or not?
        
        does not show HOW
    - - El Barrio
      - B and Hispanic community
      - discrimination = exclusion
        
        from legitimate econ. oppertunities
      - Result = alternative economies
        
        legal + criminal
        
        Drug dealing
      - 'street culture' = subculture developed
      - alternative sense of worth
      - subculture legitimates drug use
        
        new addicts
        
        crime to live
        
        crime through addiction
        
        violent crime to support
        
        undermining families