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Residential Schools in Post-WWII Canada (Questions (Where/How did…
Residential Schools in Post-WWII Canada
History
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Early residential schools
Catholic missionaries wanted educate and help the First Nation's people.
Failed because the First Nation's people were autonomous already.
Used for colonialization
Began in New France
Residential schools from 1880-1945
Indian act introduced [1876]
Government made mandatory to teach First nation's children
Meant to integrate them into Canadian society
Help First Nation's people to be self-sufficient
Three industrial schools introduced to the prairies in 1883
Peak of 80 schools in 1930
Changes in and example
Saint Michael's
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I recently went to Alert Bay and decided to take these pictures there! [coggle doesn't allow them to be high quality though.
Photos on OneDrive
http://www.campbellrivermirror.com/news/291757931.html
https://thetyee.ca/News/2015/02/18/End-of-Dark-Era/
Use
Assimilation
Stop Indigenous belief systems
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Erase social practices
Remove Aboriginal economic practices
Medical Experiments
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Abuse
Disease
Disease
Malnourishment
Cold
Rape & Other Physical Abuse
Main Topic Possibilities
Questions
Where/How did residential schools begin?
How many people were brought to residential schools?
What exactly happened in residential schools?
What has been done in reconciliation?
What has yet to be done in reconciliation?
Bibliography
Less Likely
Amir, Ruth. 2014. "Transitional justice accountability and memorialisation: The yemeni children affair and the indian residential schools."
Israel Law Review
47, no. 1 (2014): 3-26.
This article compares the disappearance of Yemeni children in Israel with First Nation's residential schools. May have more focus on Israel so may not be a good article. However, possibly good to relate to another situation in the world.
Woolford, Andrew, and James Gacek. "Genocidal carcerality and Indian residential schools in Canada."
Punishment & Society
18, no. 4 (2016): 400-419.
This article is about Residential Schools in relation to genocidal carcerality. That is, committing genocide in a locked up institution.
Farrow, Trevor CW. 2014. "Residential schools litigation and the legal profession."
University of Toronto Law Journal
64, no. 4 (2014): 596-619.
This article relates the court cases to its affect on the legal sector, in particular how the sector is using these case just to make money. This article may give some insight to some of the court case that have come due to residential schools. However, it may lose focus as the article mainly seems to speak towards the legal sector.
Mosby, Ian. "Administering colonial science: Nutrition research and human biomedical experimentation in Aboriginal communities and residential schools, 1942–1952."
Histoire sociale/Social history
46, no. 1 (2013): 145-172.
This article talks about the use of Aboriginal communities and Residential Schools for medical experimentation. The article explains what and how these experiments were conducted and how the were viewed socially at the time.
MacDonald, David. "First Nations, residential schools, and the Americanization of the Holocaust: Rewriting Indigenous history in the United States and Canada."
Canadian Journal of Political Science
40, no. 04 (2007): 995-1015.
This article talks about the comparison of American and Canadian colonialism in comparison to the Holocaust. Mainly the article talks about whether it is right or not to do this comparison. However, some information is mentioned about the history of colonialism and some facts about residential schools themselves.
Thielen-Wilson, Leslie. "Troubling the Path to Decolonization: Indian Residential School Case Law, Genocide, and Settler Illegitimacy 1."
Canadian Journal of Law and Society/Revue Canadienne Droit et Société
29, no. 02 (2014): 181-197.
MacDonald, David, and Graham Hudson. "The genocide question and Indian residential schools in Canada."
Canadian Journal of Political Science
45, no. 02 (2012): 427-449.
This article explores the experience and construct of residential schools using information gathered by the Truth and Reconciliation Comittee. The article uses this information to decide whether residential schools could be considered genocide or some other term.
Reconciliation
Reid, Jennifer. "Indian Residential Schools: A Governmental Assault on Religious Freedom."
Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses
44, no. 4 (2015): 441-456.
This article also talks a bit about the apology made by Stephen Harper. This article also mentions that schools went against the idea of religious freedom and was meant to destroy the First nation's religion. If I were to go into the assimilation of religion this may be a good article.
9
Nagy, Rosemary, and Robinder Kaur Sehdev. "Introduction: Residential Schools and Decolonization."
Canadian journal of law and society
27, no. 01 (2012): 67-73.
This article talks about some of the damages done by the residential schools and some conferences/meetings that addressed these damages. The article also talks a little bit about the apology made by Stephen Harper.
8
White, Kevin, Jozsef Budai, Daniel Mathew, Mary Rickson Deighan, and Hartej Gill. "Educators' Perspectives about a Public School District's Aboriginal Education Enhancement Agreement in British Columbia."
Canadian Journal of Native Education
35, no. 1 (2012): 42-60.
This article talks about the Aboriginal Education Enhancement Agreements and how well they were implemented in the Barnaby area.The article also talks about suggestions for the implementation of the Aboriginal education programs.
7
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Canada’s Residential Schools: The Legacy. Montreal, Ontario: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015.
5
Hiltz, Archbishop Fred, The Rev. Dr. Stephen Farris, Archbishop Gerard Pettipas, The Right Reverend Gary Paterson, and Peter Bisson, SJ. Response of the Churches to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. June 2, 2015.
http://www.anglican.ca/tr/response-of-the-churches-to-the-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada/
(accessed March 31, 2017).
6
Pre-1945
Carney, Robert. "Aboriginal residential schools before confederation: the early experience."
Historical Studies
61 (1995): 13-40.
This article talks about the origins of residential schools in New France. It has some quotes from early Catholic teachers and mention some of the early views of residential schools by Aboriginal peoples.
2
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Canada’s Residential Schools: The History, Part 1 Origins to 1939. Montreal, Ontario: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015.
1
Post-1945
Teacher Suggested
Haig-Brown, Celia. Resistance and renewal: Surviving the Indian residential school. Arsenal Pulp Press,1988.
Each of these article talks a lot about the history of residential schools and the experience inside of the schools.
Miller, James Rodger. Shingwauk's vision: A history of Native residential schools. University of Toronto Press, 1996.
Also talks about the closing of residential schools
Milloy, John S. A national crime: The Canadian government and the residential school system, 1879 to 1986. Vol. 11. Univ. of Manitoba Press, 1999.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Canada’s Residential Schools: The History, Part 2 1939 to 2000. Montreal, Ontario: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015.
3
Saint-Michael's
General Synod Archives. St. Michael’s Indian Residential School — Alert Bay, BC. September 23, 2008.
http://www.anglican.ca/tr/histories/st-michaels-alert-bay/
(accessed March 31, 2017).
Extremely relevant to me as this source contains a timeline of Saint Micheal's Residential School in Alert Bay.
4
Reconciliation
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Reusing or destroying old residential school
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Official appologies
Financial assistance
What else is there to do?
Thesis
Residential schools became places to be hated for their severe assimilation and abuse. Most what has truly happened has been lost due to many of the victims being left with some form of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. What caused these places of abuse and assimilation to be and what has happened to them? This essay hopes to help develop a better understanding for what caused the residential schools to come to fruition and create a small collection of details of what happened in the residential schools. Also, the essay looks towards some of the ways that the government has apologized and have yet to do, so as to reconcile themselves.
Structure
Topic 2
Post 1945 Schools
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What happened in the schools
Governmental Changes
Topic 3
Relating to Saint Michael's
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When did it change?
What are these changes related to in the society?
How did it change?
Topic 1
History (Pre-1945)
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The Start
What happened in the schools
Topic 4
Reconciliation
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What has yet to be done?
What has been done?
Conclusion
