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Industrial Revolution (The working class movement (the government and…
Industrial Revolution
The working class movement
Industrial working conditions
Wealthy bourgeoisie
higher standards of living
Working class
terrible working and living conditions
Wages too low
women and children had to work as well
They worked between
14 and 16 hours a day
workers could be fined for speaking or breaking a machine
Child labour
was common
Lack of safety and hygiene
chronic illnesses and accidents
no rights
they could be dismissed at any time without compensation
not have the right to
protest or strike
or even to meet and discuss their conditions
The origins of working class politics
protests against the factory owners
the proletariat in Great Britain began to organise itself
Luddites
protested by
destroying machines
death penalty for anyone who destroyed a machine
Trade unions
associations of workers in the same industry
made illegal
Chartist movement
demanded political reforms
the government and factory owners were forced to concede some of their demands
Higher wages
Shorter working days
Better safety and hygiene
A ban on child labour
Political reforms
Freedom of association
The right to strike and protest
Universal manhood suffrage
An end to the requirement that MPs be property owners
Working-class representation in Parliament
Revolutionary ideologies
Marxism
ideology developed by
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
establishment of a communist society by
Class struggle
The dictatorship of the working classes
private property would be abolished
the class-based society would disappear
Anarchism
developed by
Pierre Joseph Prudhon
Mikhail Bakunin
Main principles
Individual freedom
Direct action
Abolition of private property
leaders of workers' organisations from various European countries began to meet
First International
Its objective was to coordinate workers' action all over the world
was dissolved due to the various disagreements
to encourage the collective ownership
Second International
Only included socialist parties
It was dissolved when the First World War began
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Population growth
Agricultural Revolution
Increased trade
Technological advances
Consequences of the Industrial Revolution
Population growth
Agricultural improvements
Trade
Mechanisation
Key elements of Industralisation
The textile industry
mechanical weaving
spinning machine
birth of the factory
division of labour
The iron anyd steel industry
division of labour
Bessemer converter
had many different uses
In agriculture
In transport
In industry
In construction
The Transport Revolution
transported easily and quickly
Importance of the steam engine and its use in land and sea transport
Steam locomotive
Steamship
Opening of the first public railway
it affected
every sector of the economy
society
class based society
origins
As a result of the late-18th century revolutions
The French Revolution abolished the privileges of the nobility and the clergy
The Industrial Revolution increased the importance and power of the wealthy bourgeoisie
Society divided into three groups
The upper class
The middle class
The working class lived in extreme poverty
technological advances led to
economic changes
industrial capitalism
emerged
Industrialisation in the rest of Europe and the United States
Conditions necessary for industrialisation
abundant reserves of coal and iron
population growth
capital for investment in industry
well-developed railway networks
Industrialisation in Spain
19th century, but slow process
demand was limited
poor quality of coal from Spanish mines
Two industries became important
Cotton industry
Iron and steel industry