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LEFT REALISM (TACLKING CRIME (LEFT REALISTS HAVE HAD MORE INFLUENCE ON…
LEFT REALISM
TACLKING CRIME
LEFT REALISTS BELIEVE THE CAUSES OF CRIME LIE IN THE UNEQUAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY AND MAJOR STRUCTURAL CHANGES ARE NEEDED IF CRIME WANTS TO BE REDUCED
INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, UNFAIRNESS OF REWARDS, THE TACKLE OF DISCRIMINATION, THE PROVIDING OF DECENT JOBS FOR EVERYONE AND HOUSING IMPROVEMENTS NEED TO BE DEALT WITH
C = RIGHT REALISTS DO NOT BELIEVE ITS FRUITFUL TO TRY TO DEAL WITH THE CAUSES OF CRIME SINCE THESE CANNOT EASILY BE CHANGED
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C = TACKLING CRIME IS FOR THE POLICE’S FOCUS BEING ON HIGH CRIME IN INNER CIRTY AREAS AS IT GIVES AN UNREPRESENTED VIEW AND MAKES CRIME APPEAR A GREATER PROBLEM THAN IT IS.
RELATIVE DEPRIVATION
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LEA AND YOUNG: PEOPLE ARE MORE AWARE OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION DUE TO THE MEDIA AND ADVERTISING, WHICH RAISES EVERYONE'S EXPECTATIONS FOR MATERIAL POSSESSIONS - THOSE WHO CANNOT AFFORD THEM MAY RESORT TO CRIME INSTEAD
C = LEA AND YOUNG DO NOT EXPLAIN WHY MOST DEPRIVED WORKING CLASS YOUTHS DON'T TURN TO CRIME. IF THE 'TOXIC MIX' WAS AS TOXIC THAT IT APPEARS TO BE, WHY ISN'T THERE MORE CRIME?
C = RELATIVE DEPRIVATION CANT ALSO FULLY EXPLAIN CRIME AS NOT ALL THOSE WHO EXPERIENCE CRIME COMMIT IT, THEREFORE THIS THEORY OVER PREDICTS THE AMOUNT OF CRIME THERE IS
LATE MODERNITY, EXCLUSION AND CRIME
YOUNG ARGUES WE ARE NOW LIVING IN THE STAGE OF LATE MODERN SOCIETY WHERE INSTABILITY, INSECURITY AND EXCLUSION MAKE THE PROBLEM OF CRIME WORSE
SINCE THE 1970S, INSECURITY AND EXCLUSION HAVSE INCREASE. DE-INDUSTRIALISATION AND THE LOSS OF UNSKILLED JOBS HAVE INCREASED UNEMPLOYMENT WHILST MANY JOBS TODAY ARE NOW SHORT TERM OR LOW PAID
THESE CHANGES HAVE DESTABILISED FAMILY AND COMMUNITY LIFE AND ALL THIS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO INCREASE EXCLUSION OF THOSE AT THE BOTTOM
THIS RESULT OF THIS HAS MEANT THAT THE AMOUNT AND TYPES OF CRIME ARE CHANGING IN THE LATE MODERN SOCIETY.
EG: FIRSTLY CRIME IS FOUND INCREASINGLY THROUGHOUT THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND NOT JUST AT THE BOTTOM AND THAT CRIME HAS ALSO BECOME NASTIER, WITH AN INCREASE IN 'HATE CRIMES'
C = SINCE THE MID-1990s THE CRIME RATE HAS FALLEN SUBSTANTIALLY, WHICH IS A FOR THEIR EXPLANATION AS IT SUGGESTS THAT CRIME IS NO LONGER THE THREAT THEY HAD ORIGINALLY CLAIMED
CRITICISM OF FIRST EVALUATION: HOWEVER, YOUNG NOTES THAT BECAUSE CRIME IS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION, IT MAY CONTINUE TO BE SEEN AS A PROBLEM
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SUBCULTURE
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C = LEFT REALISTS USE OF SUBCULTURAL THEORY MEANS THEY ASSUME THAT VALUE CONSENSUS EXISTS AND THAT CRIME ONLY OCCURS WHEN THIS BREAKS DOWN